// Copyright (C) 2019 The Qt Company Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: LicenseRef-Qt-Commercial OR GFDL-1.3-no-invariants-only

/*!
    \example simplecoapclient
    \title Simple CoAP Client
    \examplecategory {Connectivity}
    \ingroup qtcoap-examples
    \brief Creating an application that communicates with a CoAP server.

    \image simplecoapclient.webp

    \e {Simple CoAP Client} demonstrates how to create a minimalistic CoAP client
    application to send and receive CoAP messages.

    \include examples-run.qdocinc

    \section1 Setting Up a CoAP Server

    To use the application, you need to specify a CoAP server. You have the following
    options:

    \list
        \li Use the CoAP test server located at \c {coap://coap.me}.
        \li Create a CoAP server using \l {https://github.com/obgm/libcoap} {libcoap},
        \l {https://github.com/keith-cullen/FreeCoAP} {FreeCoAP} or any other CoAP
        server implementation.
        \li Use the \l {https://github.com/eclipse/californium/} {Californium} plugtest
        server, which supports most of the CoAP features. You can build it manually or
        use a ready Docker image, which builds and starts the plugtest server. The steps
        for using the docker-based server are described below.

    \endlist

    \section2 Using the Docker-based Test Server

    The following command pulls the docker container for the CoAP server from the Docker
    Hub and starts it:

    \badcode
    docker run --name coap-test-server -d --rm -p 5683:5683/udp -p 5684:5684/udp tqtc/coap-californium-test-server:3.8.0
    \endcode

    To find out the IP address of the docker container, first retrieve the container ID
    by running \c {docker ps}, which will output something like:

    \badcode
    $ docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE
    5e46502df88f        tqtc/coap-californium-test-server:3.8.0
    \endcode

    Then you can obtain the IP address with the following command:

    \badcode
    docker inspect <container_id> | grep IPAddress
    \endcode

    For example:

    \badcode
    $ docker inspect 5e46502df88f | grep IPAddress
    ...
    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
    ...
    \endcode

    The CoAP test server will be reachable by the retrieved IP address on ports
    \e 5683 (non-secure) and \e 5684 (secure).

    To terminate the docker container after usage, use the following command:

    \badcode
    docker stop <container_id>
    \endcode

    The \c {<container_id>} here is the same as retrieved by the \c {docker ps}
    command.

    \section1 Creating a Client

    The first step is to create a CoAP client using the QCoapClient class. Then
    we need to connect its signals, to get notified when a CoAP reply is received
    or a request has failed:

    \quotefromfile simplecoapclient/mainwindow.cpp
    \skipto MainWindow::MainWindow
    \printuntil onError
    \dots

    \section1 Sending Requests
    We use the QCoapRequest class to create CoAP requests. This class provides methods
    for constructing CoAP frames.

    \skipto on_runButton_clicked
    \printuntil addOption
    \dots

    In this example, we set the URL, as well as the message type and add options
    to the request. It is also possible to set the payload, message ID, token,
    and so on, but we are using the default values here. Note that by default,
    the message ID and token are generated randomly.

    Based on the selected request method, we send a \c GET, \c PUT, \c POST or
    \c DELETE request to the server:

    \skipto switch
    \dots
    \printuntil }
    \dots

    For \c PUT and \c POST requests we also add \c m_currentData as a payload for
    the request.

    For browsing the contents of the server and discovering the resources available on
    it, a \e discovery request is used:

    \skipto on_discoverButton_clicked
    \printuntil {
    \dots
    \skipto discoverReply
    \printuntil onDiscovered
    \dots

    \note Instead of QCoapReply class, we use the QCoapResourceDiscoveryReply to keep
    the reply for a discovery request. It has the QCoapResourceDiscoveryReply::discovered
    signal, which returns the list of QCoapResources that has been discovered.

    If there are \e observable resources on the server (meaning that they have the
    resource type \c obs), we can subscribe to updates on that resource by running
    an \e observe request:

    \skipto on_observeButton_clicked
    \printuntil {
    \dots
    \skipto observeReply
    \printline observeReply
    \dots
    \skipto onNotified
    \printline onNotified
    \dots

    The client can unsubscribe from the resource observation by handling the
    \c clicked() signal of the \c cancelObserveButton:

    \skipto clicked
    \dots
    \printuntil })

    The responses coming from the server are displayed in the UI:

    \quotefromfile simplecoapclient/mainwindow.cpp
    \skipto MainWindow::addMessage
    \printto on_runButton_clicked
*/