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---
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title : " Keywords (C++) | Microsoft Docs"
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ms.custom : " index-page"
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- ms.date : " 11/04/2016 "
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+ ms.date : " 09/18/2018 "
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ms.technology : ["cpp-language"]
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ms.topic : " language-reference"
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dev_langs : ["C++"]
@@ -17,56 +17,46 @@ Keywords are predefined reserved identifiers that have special meanings. They ca
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- | [ __ abstract] ( ../dotnet/declaration-of-a-managed-class-type.md ) <sup >2</sup >| [ __ alignof Operator] ( ../cpp/alignof-operator.md ) | [ __ asm] ( ../assembler/inline/asm.md ) |
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- | [ __ assume] ( ../intrinsics/assume.md ) | [ __ based] ( ../cpp/based-pointers-cpp.md ) | [ __ box] ( ../dotnet/value-type-semantics.md ) <sup >2</sup >|
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- | [ __ cdecl] ( ../cpp/cdecl.md ) | [ __ declspec] ( ../cpp/declspec.md ) | [ __ delegate] ( ../dotnet/delegates-and-events.md ) <sup >2</sup >|
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- | [ __ event] ( ../cpp/event.md ) | [ __ except] ( ../cpp/try-except-statement.md ) | [ __ fastcall] ( ../cpp/fastcall.md ) |
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- | [ __ finally] ( ../cpp/try-finally-statement.md ) | [ __ forceinline] ( ../cpp/inline-functions-cpp.md ) | [ __ gc] ( ../dotnet/declaration-of-a-clr-reference-class-object.md ) <sup >2</sup >|
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- | [ __ hook] ( ../cpp/hook.md ) <sup >3</sup >| [ __ identifier] ( ../windows/identifier-cpp-cli.md ) | [ __ if_exists] ( ../cpp/if-exists-statement.md ) |
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- | [ __ if_not_exists] ( ../cpp/if-not-exists-statement.md ) | [ __ inline] ( inline-functions-cpp.md ) | [ __ int16] ( ../cpp/int8-int16-int32-int64.md ) |
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- | [ __ int32] ( ../cpp/int8-int16-int32-int64.md ) | [ __ int64] ( ../cpp/int8-int16-int32-int64.md ) | [ __ int8] ( ../cpp/int8-int16-int32-int64.md ) |
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- | [ __ interface] ( ../cpp/interface.md ) | [ __ leave] ( ../cpp/try-finally-statement.md ) | [ __ m128] ( ../cpp/m128.md ) |
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- | [ __ m128d] ( ../cpp/m128d.md ) | [ __ m128i] ( ../cpp/m128i.md ) | [ __ m64] ( ../cpp/m64.md ) |
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- | [ __ multiple_inheritance] ( ../cpp/inheritance-keywords.md ) | [ __ nogc] ( ../dotnet/declaration-of-a-clr-reference-class-object.md ) <sup >2</sup >| [ __ noop] ( ../intrinsics/noop.md ) |
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- | ** __ pin** <sup >2</sup >| ** __ property** <sup >2</sup >| [ __ raise] ( ../cpp/raise.md ) |
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- | ** __ sealed** <sup >2</sup >| [ __ single_inheritance] ( ../cpp/inheritance-keywords.md ) | [ __ stdcall] ( ../cpp/stdcall.md ) |
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- | [ __ super] ( ../cpp/super.md ) | [ __ thiscall] ( ../cpp/thiscall.md ) | [ __ try/\_ _ except] ( ../cpp/try-except-statement.md ) , [ __ try/\_ _ finally] ( ../cpp/try-finally-statement.md ) |
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- | [ __ try_cast] ( ../dotnet/cast-notation-and-introduction-of-safe-cast-angles.md ) <sup >2</sup >| [ __ unaligned] ( ../cpp/unaligned.md ) | [ __ unhook] ( ../cpp/unhook.md ) <sup >3</sup >|
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- | [ __ uuidof] ( ../cpp/uuidof-operator.md ) | [ __ value] ( ../dotnet/value-type-semantics.md ) <sup >2</sup >| [ __ virtual_inheritance] ( ../cpp/inheritance-keywords.md ) |
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- | [ __ w64] ( ../cpp/w64.md ) | [ __ wchar_t, wchar_t] ( ../cpp/fundamental-types-cpp.md ) | [ abstract] ( ../windows/abstract-cpp-component-extensions.md ) |
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- | [ array] ( ../windows/arrays-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ auto] ( ../cpp/auto-keyword.md ) | [ bool] ( ../cpp/bool-cpp.md ) |
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- | [ break] ( ../cpp/break-statement-cpp.md ) | [ case] ( ../cpp/switch-statement-cpp.md ) | [ catch] ( ../cpp/try-throw-and-catch-statements-cpp.md ) |
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- | [ char] ( ../cpp/fundamental-types-cpp.md ) | [ class] ( ../cpp/class-cpp.md ) | [ const] ( ../cpp/const-cpp.md ) |
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- | [ const_cast] ( ../cpp/const-cast-operator.md ) | [ continue] ( ../cpp/continue-statement-cpp.md ) | [ decltype] ( ../cpp/decltype-cpp.md ) |
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- | [ default] ( ../cpp/switch-statement-cpp.md ) | [ delegate] ( ../windows/delegate-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ delete] ( ../cpp/delete-operator-cpp.md ) |
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- | [ deprecated] ( ../cpp/deprecated-cpp.md ) <sup >1</sup >| [ dllexport] ( ../cpp/dllexport-dllimport.md ) <sup >1</sup >| [ dllimport] ( ../cpp/dllexport-dllimport.md ) <sup >1</sup >|
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- | [ do] ( ../cpp/do-while-statement-cpp.md ) | [ double] ( ../cpp/fundamental-types-cpp.md ) | [ dynamic_cast] ( ../cpp/dynamic-cast-operator.md ) |
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- | [ else] ( ../cpp/if-else-statement-cpp.md ) | [ enum] ( ../cpp/enumerations-cpp.md ) | [ enum class] ( ../windows/enum-class-cpp-component-extensions.md ) |
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- | [ enum struct] ( ../windows/enum-class-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ event] ( ../windows/event-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ explicit] ( ../cpp/user-defined-type-conversions-cpp.md ) |
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- | [ extern] ( ../cpp/using-extern-to-specify-linkage.md ) | [ false] ( ../cpp/false-cpp.md ) | [ finally] ( ../dotnet/finally.md ) |
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- | [ float] ( ../cpp/fundamental-types-cpp.md ) | [ for] ( ../cpp/for-statement-cpp.md ) | [ for each, in] ( ../dotnet/for-each-in.md ) |
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- | [ friend] ( ../cpp/friend-cpp.md ) | [ friend_as] ( ../preprocessor/hash-using-directive-cpp.md ) | [ gcnew] ( ../windows/ref-new-gcnew-cpp-component-extensions.md ) |
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- | [ generic] ( ../windows/generics-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ goto] ( ../cpp/goto-statement-cpp.md ) | [ if] ( ../cpp/if-else-statement-cpp.md ) |
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- | [ initonly] ( ../dotnet/initonly-cpp-cli.md ) | [ inline] ( ../cpp/inline-functions-cpp.md ) | [ int] ( ../cpp/fundamental-types-cpp.md ) |
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- | [ interface class] ( ../windows/interface-class-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ interface struct] ( ../windows/interface-class-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ interior_ptr] ( ../windows/interior-ptr-cpp-cli.md ) |
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- | [ literal] ( ../windows/literal-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ long] ( ../cpp/fundamental-types-cpp.md ) | [ mutable] ( ../cpp/mutable-data-members-cpp.md ) |
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- | [ naked] ( ../cpp/naked-cpp.md ) <sup >1</sup >| [ namespace] ( namespaces-cpp.md ) | [ new] ( ../windows/new-new-slot-in-vtable-cpp-component-extensions.md ) |
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- | [ new] ( ../cpp/new-operator-cpp.md ) | [ noinline] ( ../cpp/noinline.md ) <sup >1</sup >| [ noreturn] ( ../cpp/noreturn.md ) <sup >1</sup >|
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- | [ nothrow] ( ../cpp/nothrow-cpp.md ) <sup >1</sup >| [ novtable] ( ../cpp/novtable.md ) <sup >1</sup >| [ nullptr] ( ../cpp/nullptr.md ) |
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- | [ operator] ( ../cpp/operator-overloading.md ) | [ private] ( ../cpp/private-cpp.md ) | [ property] ( ../windows/property-cpp-component-extensions.md ) |
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- | [ property] ( ../cpp/property-cpp.md ) <sup >1</sup >| [ protected] ( ../cpp/protected-cpp.md ) | [ public] ( ../cpp/public-cpp.md ) |
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- | [ ref class] ( ../windows/classes-and-structs-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ ref struct] ( ../windows/classes-and-structs-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ register] ( ../cpp/storage-classes-cpp.md#register ) |
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- | [ reinterpret_cast] ( ../cpp/reinterpret-cast-operator.md ) | [ return] ( ../cpp/return-statement-cpp.md ) | [ safecast] ( ../windows/safe-cast-cpp-component-extensions.md ) |
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- | [ sealed] ( ../windows/sealed-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ selectany] ( ../cpp/selectany.md ) <sup >1</sup >| [ short] ( ../cpp/fundamental-types-cpp.md ) |
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- | [ signed] ( ../cpp/fundamental-types-cpp.md ) | [ sizeof] ( ../cpp/sizeof-operator.md ) | [ static] ( storage-classes-cpp.md ) |
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- | [ static_assert] ( ../cpp/static-assert.md ) | [ static_cast] ( ../cpp/static-cast-operator.md ) | [ struct] ( ../cpp/struct-cpp.md ) |
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- | [ switch] ( ../cpp/switch-statement-cpp.md ) | [ template] ( templates-cpp.md ) | [ this] ( ../cpp/this-pointer.md ) |
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- | [ thread] ( ../cpp/thread.md ) <sup >1</sup >| [ throw] ( ../cpp/try-throw-and-catch-statements-cpp.md ) | [ true] ( ../cpp/true-cpp.md ) |
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- | [ try] ( ../cpp/try-throw-and-catch-statements-cpp.md ) | [ typedef] ( aliases-and-typedefs-cpp.md ) | [ typeid] ( ../cpp/typeid-operator.md ) |
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- | [ typeid] ( ../windows/typeid-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ typename] ( ../cpp/typename.md ) | [ union] ( ../cpp/unions.md ) |
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- | [ unsigned] ( ../cpp/fundamental-types-cpp.md ) | [ using] ( ../cpp/using-declaration.md ) declaration, [ using] ( namespaces-cpp.md#using_directives ) directive| [ uuid] ( ../cpp/uuid-cpp.md ) <sup >1</sup >|
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- | [ value class] ( ../windows/classes-and-structs-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ value struct] ( ../windows/classes-and-structs-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ virtual] ( ../cpp/virtual-cpp.md ) |
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- | [ void] ( ../cpp/void-cpp.md ) | [ volatile] ( ../cpp/volatile-cpp.md ) | [ while] ( ../cpp/while-statement-cpp.md ) |
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+ | [ __ abstract] ( ../dotnet/declaration-of-a-managed-class-type.md ) <sup >2</sup >| [ __ alignof Operator] ( alignof-operator.md ) | [ __ asm] ( ../assembler/inline/asm.md ) | [ __ assume] ( ../intrinsics/assume.md ) |
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+ | [ __ based] ( based-pointers-cpp.md ) | [ __ box] ( ../dotnet/value-type-semantics.md ) <sup >2</sup >| [ __ cdecl] ( cdecl.md ) | [ __ declspec] ( declspec.md ) |
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+ | [ __ delegate] ( ../dotnet/delegates-and-events.md ) <sup >2</sup >| [ __ event] ( event.md ) | [ __ except] ( try-except-statement.md ) | [ __ fastcall] ( fastcall.md ) |
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+ | [ __ finally] ( try-finally-statement.md ) | [ __ forceinline] ( inline-functions-cpp.md ) | [ __ gc] ( ../dotnet/declaration-of-a-clr-reference-class-object.md ) <sup >2</sup >| [ __ hook] ( hook.md ) <sup >3</sup >|
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+ | [ __ identifier] ( ../windows/identifier-cpp-cli.md ) | [ __ if_exists] ( if-exists-statement.md ) | [ __ if_not_exists] ( if-not-exists-statement.md ) | [ __ inline] ( inline-functions-cpp.md ) |
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+ | [ __ int16] ( int8-int16-int32-int64.md ) | [ __ int32] ( int8-int16-int32-int64.md ) | [ __ int64] ( int8-int16-int32-int64.md ) | [ __ int8] ( int8-int16-int32-int64.md ) |
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+ | [ __ interface] ( interface.md ) | [ __ leave] ( try-finally-statement.md ) | [ __ m128] ( m128.md ) | [ __ m128d] ( m128d.md ) |
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+ | [ __ m128i] ( m128i.md ) | [ __ m64] ( m64.md ) | [ __ multiple_inheritance] ( inheritance-keywords.md ) | [ __ nogc] ( ../dotnet/declaration-of-a-clr-reference-class-object.md ) <sup >2</sup >|
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+ | [ __ noop] ( ../intrinsics/noop.md ) | ** __ pin** <sup >2</sup >| ** __ property** <sup >2</sup >| [ __ raise] ( raise.md ) | ** __ sealed** <sup >2</sup >| [ __ single_inheritance] ( inheritance-keywords.md ) | [ __ stdcall] ( stdcall.md ) | [ __ super] ( super.md ) |
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+ | [ __ thiscall] ( thiscall.md ) | [ __ try/\_ _ except] ( try-except-statement.md ) | [ __ try/\_ _ finally] ( try-finally-statement.md ) | [ __ try_cast] ( ../dotnet/cast-notation-and-introduction-of-safe-cast-angles.md ) <sup >2</sup >|
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+ | [ __ unaligned] ( unaligned.md ) | [ __ unhook] ( unhook.md ) <sup >3</sup >| [ __ uuidof] ( uuidof-operator.md ) | [ __ value] ( ../dotnet/value-type-semantics.md ) <sup >2</sup >|
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+ | [ __ virtual_inheritance] ( inheritance-keywords.md ) | [ __ w64] ( w64.md ) | [ __ wchar_t] ( fundamental-types-cpp.md ) | [ abstract] ( ../windows/abstract-cpp-component-extensions.md ) |
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+ | [ alignas] ( align-cpp.md ) | [ array] ( ../windows/arrays-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ auto] ( auto-keyword.md ) | [ bool] ( bool-cpp.md ) |
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+ | [ break] ( break-statement-cpp.md ) | [ case] ( switch-statement-cpp.md ) | [ catch] ( try-throw-and-catch-statements-cpp.md ) | [ char] ( fundamental-types-cpp.md ) |
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+ | [ char16_t] ( char-wchar-t-char16-t-char32-t.md ) | [ char32_t] ( char-wchar-t-char16-t-char32-t.md ) | [ class] ( class-cpp.md ) | [ const] ( const-cpp.md ) |
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+ | [ const_cast] ( const-cast-operator.md ) | [ constexpr] ( constexpr-cpp.md ) | [ continue] ( continue-statement-cpp.md ) | [ decltype] ( decltype-cpp.md ) |
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+ | [ default] ( switch-statement-cpp.md ) | [ delegate] ( ../windows/delegate-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ delete] ( delete-operator-cpp.md ) | [ deprecated] ( deprecated-cpp.md ) <sup >1</sup >|
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+ | [ dllexport] ( dllexport-dllimport.md ) <sup >1</sup >| [ dllimport] ( dllexport-dllimport.md ) <sup >1</sup >| [ do] ( do-while-statement-cpp.md ) | [ double] ( fundamental-types-cpp.md ) |
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+ | [ dynamic_cast] ( dynamic-cast-operator.md ) | [ else] ( if-else-statement-cpp.md ) | [ enum] ( enumerations-cpp.md ) | [ enum class] ( ../windows/enum-class-cpp-component-extensions.md ) |
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+ | [ enum struct] ( ../windows/enum-class-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ event] ( ../windows/event-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ explicit] ( user-defined-type-conversions-cpp.md ) | [ extern] ( using-extern-to-specify-linkage.md ) |
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+ | [ false] ( false-cpp.md ) | [ finally] ( ../dotnet/finally.md ) | [ float] ( fundamental-types-cpp.md ) | [ for] ( for-statement-cpp.md ) |
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+ | [ for each in] ( ../dotnet/for-each-in.md ) | [ friend] ( friend-cpp.md ) | [ friend_as] ( ../preprocessor/hash-using-directive-cpp.md ) |
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+ | [ gcnew] ( ../windows/ref-new-gcnew-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ generic] ( ../windows/generics-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ goto] ( goto-statement-cpp.md ) | [ if] ( if-else-statement-cpp.md ) |
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+ | [ initonly] ( ../dotnet/initonly-cpp-cli.md ) | [ inline] ( inline-functions-cpp.md ) | [ int] ( fundamental-types-cpp.md ) | [ interface class] ( ../windows/interface-class-cpp-component-extensions.md ) |
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+ | [ interface struct] ( ../windows/interface-class-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ interior_ptr] ( ../windows/interior-ptr-cpp-cli.md ) | [ literal] ( ../windows/literal-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ long] ( fundamental-types-cpp.md ) |
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+ | [ mutable] ( mutable-data-members-cpp.md ) | [ naked] ( naked-cpp.md ) <sup >1</sup >| [ namespace] ( namespaces-cpp.md ) | [ new] ( ../windows/new-new-slot-in-vtable-cpp-component-extensions.md ) |
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+ | [ new] ( new-operator-cpp.md ) | [ noexcept] ( noexcept-cpp.md ) | [ noinline] ( noinline.md ) <sup >1</sup >| [ noreturn] ( noreturn.md ) <sup >1</sup >|
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+ | [ nothrow] ( nothrow-cpp.md ) <sup >1</sup >| [ novtable] ( novtable.md ) <sup >1</sup >| [ nullptr] ( nullptr.md ) | [ operator] ( operator-overloading.md ) |
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+ | [ private] ( private-cpp.md ) | [ property] ( ../windows/property-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ property] ( property-cpp.md ) <sup >1</sup >| [ protected] ( protected-cpp.md ) |
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+ | [ public] ( public-cpp.md ) | [ ref class] ( ../windows/classes-and-structs-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ ref struct] ( ../windows/classes-and-structs-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ register] ( storage-classes-cpp.md#register ) |
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+ | [ reinterpret_cast] ( reinterpret-cast-operator.md ) | [ return] ( return-statement-cpp.md ) | [ safecast] ( ../windows/safe-cast-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ sealed] ( ../windows/sealed-cpp-component-extensions.md ) |
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+ | [ selectany] ( selectany.md ) <sup >1</sup >| [ short] ( fundamental-types-cpp.md ) | [ signed] ( fundamental-types-cpp.md ) | [ sizeof] ( sizeof-operator.md ) |
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+ | [ static] ( storage-classes-cpp.md ) | [ static_assert] ( static-assert.md ) | [ static_cast] ( static-cast-operator.md ) | [ struct] ( struct-cpp.md ) |
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+ | [ switch] ( switch-statement-cpp.md ) | [ template] ( templates-cpp.md ) | [ this] ( this-pointer.md ) | [ thread] ( thread.md ) <sup >1</sup >|
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+ | [ throw] ( try-throw-and-catch-statements-cpp.md ) | [ true] ( true-cpp.md ) | [ try] ( try-throw-and-catch-statements-cpp.md ) | [ typedef] ( aliases-and-typedefs-cpp.md ) |
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+ | [ typeid] ( typeid-operator.md ) | [ typeid] ( ../windows/typeid-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ typename] ( typename.md ) | [ union] ( unions.md ) |
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+ | [ unsigned] ( fundamental-types-cpp.md ) | [ using] ( using-declaration.md ) declaration| [ using] ( namespaces-cpp.md#using_directives ) directive|
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+ | [ uuid] ( uuid-cpp.md ) <sup >1</sup >| [ value class] ( ../windows/classes-and-structs-cpp-component-extensions.md ) | [ value struct] ( ../windows/classes-and-structs-cpp-component-extensions.md ) |
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+ | [ virtual] ( virtual-cpp.md ) | [ void] ( void-cpp.md ) | [ volatile] ( volatile-cpp.md ) |
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+ | [ while] ( while-statement-cpp.md ) |
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1 Extended attributes for the ** __ declspec** keyword.
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