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LittlefeanLittlefean
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Merge pull request #12 from HuaYuXiao/master
针对虚数教程的补充
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‎003 虚数妙用/more.ipynb‎

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{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"PyCharm 复数\n",
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"\n",
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"2022年10月19日 by littlefean \n",
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"\n",
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"2023.12.10 updated by YuxiaoHua"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 6,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-\n",
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"from typing import *\n",
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"import cmath"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 7,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"z1 = (1+0j)\n",
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"z2 = 1j\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"a1 = 1; b1 = 0\n",
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"# 用实部 a1 和虚部 b1 创建复数 z1\n",
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"z1 = complex(a1, b1) \n",
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"print('z1 = ', z1)\n",
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"\n",
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"a2 = 0; b2 = 1\n",
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"# 用实部 a2 和虚部 b2 创建复数 z2\n",
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"z2 = complex(a2, b2) \n",
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"print('z2 = ', z2)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 11,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"phase2 = 1.5707963267948966\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# 传入一个虚数，返回这个虚数的弧度\n",
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"phase2 = cmath.phase(z2)\n",
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"print('phase2 = ', phase2)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 9,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"angle = 1.5707963267948966\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# 快速计算两个向量之间的夹角（弧度制）\n",
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"angle = cmath.phase(z2) - cmath.phase(z1)\n",
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"print('angle = ', angle)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 12,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"(1.4142135623730951, 0.7853981633974483)\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"# 长度 ， 角度\n",
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"z3 = z1 + z2\n",
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"print(cmath.polar(z3)) "
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]
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}
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],
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"metadata": {
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"kernelspec": {
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"display_name": "Python 3",
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"language": "python",
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"name": "python3"
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},
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"language_info": {
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"codemirror_mode": {
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"name": "ipython",
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"version": 3
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},
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"file_extension": ".py",
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"mimetype": "text/x-python",
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"name": "python",
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"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
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"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
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"version": "3.9.6"
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}
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},
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"nbformat": 4,
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"nbformat_minor": 2
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}

‎003 虚数妙用/补充.py‎

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‎004 pass和点点点/show.ipynb‎

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{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"PyCharm show\n",
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"\n",
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"2022年06月17日 by littlefean\n",
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"\n",
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"2023.12.10 updated by YuxiaoHua"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 14,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-\n",
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"from typing import *"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 15,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# ... 可以写在注解里面\n",
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"def test(a: ..., b: ...) -> ...:\n",
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" ...\n",
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"\n",
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"# 有一个类我还不知道怎么写，我可以先写个占位符\n",
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"class A:\n",
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" ...\n",
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"\n",
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"class B:\n",
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" pass\n",
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"\n",
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"def f():\n",
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" ...\n",
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"\n",
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"def g():\n",
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" pass"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 16,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# 写个空循环\n",
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"for _ in range(100):\n",
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" ..."
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 17,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"for _ in range(100):\n",
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" pass\n",
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"\n",
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"# 经过测试发现 点点点和pass做空循环速度是一样的。"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 18,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"for _ in range(1000):\n",
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" ...\n",
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" ...\n",
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" ...\n",
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" ...\n",
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"\n",
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"# 经过测试发现，这样写四个，并没有出现速度慢了四倍的情况"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"在`Python`中，`Ellipsis` 是一个特殊的对象，用来表示省略。它的类型是 `ellipsis` 类型。"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 19,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"True\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"print(id(...) == id(Ellipsis))\n",
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"\n",
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"# 没有小写开头的东西了，因为是单例了，虽然pycharm里这个单词还会变蓝\n",
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"# print(id(...) == id(ellipsis)) "
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 20,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"<class 'ellipsis'> <class 'ellipsis'>\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"print(type(...), type(Ellipsis))"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"这里的 `Ellipsis.__class__` 返回 `ellipsis` 类型，它表示省略对象的类型。这部分不需要括号，因为我们只是获取类型。\n",
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"\n",
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"而 `Ellipsis.__class__()` 中的括号是用来创建 `ellipsis` 类型的实例的。"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 21,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"<class 'ellipsis'> Ellipsis\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"print(Ellipsis.__class__, Ellipsis.__class__())"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"但是，`ellipsis` 类型是一个特殊的单例对象，不允许通过构造函数创建多个实例。因此，即使你加上括号，它仍然会返回 `Ellipsis` 单例对象。"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 22,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"ename": "TypeError",
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"evalue": "'ellipsis' object is not callable",
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"output_type": "error",
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"traceback": [
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"\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
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"\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m Traceback (most recent call last)",
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"Cell \u001b[0;32mIn[22], line 1\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 1\u001b[0m a \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28;43mEllipsis\u001b[39;49m\u001b[43m(\u001b[49m\u001b[43m)\u001b[49m\n\u001b[1;32m 2\u001b[0m b \u001b[38;5;241m=\u001b[39m \u001b[38;5;28mEllipsis\u001b[39m()\n",
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"\u001b[0;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: 'ellipsis' object is not callable"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"a = Ellipsis()\n",
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"b = Ellipsis()"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 23,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"ellipsis\n",
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"(<class 'object'>,)\n",
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"<class 'type'>\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"source": [
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"print(Ellipsis.__class__.__name__)\n",
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"print(Ellipsis.__class__.__bases__)\n",
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"print(Ellipsis.__class__.__class__)"
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]
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}
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],
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"metadata": {
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"kernelspec": {
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"display_name": "Python 3",
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"language": "python",
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"name": "python3"
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},
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"language_info": {
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"codemirror_mode": {
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"name": "ipython",
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"version": 3
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},
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"file_extension": ".py",
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"mimetype": "text/x-python",
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"name": "python",
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"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
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"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
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"version": "3.9.6"
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}
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},
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"nbformat": 4,
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"nbformat_minor": 2
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}

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