diff --git a/elex1/election_results.py b/elex1/election_results.py
index b03b7f5..d119dd4 100644
--- a/elex1/election_results.py
+++ b/elex1/election_results.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 """
 import csv
-import urllib
+import urllib.request as urllib
 from operator import itemgetter
 from collections import defaultdict
 from os.path import dirname, join
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 urllib.urlretrieve(url, filename)
 
 # Create reader for ingesting CSV as array of dicts
-reader = csv.DictReader(open(filename, 'rb'))
+reader = csv.DictReader(open(filename, 'r'))
 
 # Use defaultdict to automatically create non-existent keys with an empty dictionary as the default value.
 # See https://pydocs2cn.readthedocs.org/en/latest/library/collections.html#defaultdict-objects
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
         first['winner'] = 'X'
 
     # Get race metadata from one set of results
-    result = cand_results.values()[0][0]
+    result = list(cand_results.values())[0][0]
     # Add results to output
     summary[race_key] = {
         'date': result['date'],
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
 
 # Write CSV of results
 outfile = join(dirname(__file__), 'summary_results.csv')
-with open(outfile, 'wb') as fh:
+with open(outfile, 'w') as fh:
     # We'll limit the output to cleanly parsed, standardized values
     fieldnames = [
         'date',
diff --git a/elex2/election_results.py b/elex2/election_results.py
index 1d4bb91..c347c5a 100644
--- a/elex2/election_results.py
+++ b/elex2/election_results.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 """
 import csv
-import urllib
+import urllib.request
 from operator import itemgetter
 from collections import defaultdict
 from os.path import dirname, join
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def main():
 def download_results(path):
     """Download CSV of fake Virginia election results from GDocs"""
     url = "https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/pub?key=0AhhC0IWaObRqdGFkUW1kUmp2ZlZjUjdTYV9lNFJ5RHc&output=csv"
-    urllib.urlretrieve(url, path)
+    urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, path)
 
 def parse_and_clean(path):
     """Parse downloaded results file and perform various data clean-ups
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def parse_and_clean(path):
 
     """
     # Create reader for ingesting CSV as array of dicts
-    reader = csv.DictReader(open(path, 'rb'))
+    reader = csv.DictReader(open(path, 'r'))
 
     # Use defaultdict to automatically create non-existent keys with an empty dictionary as the default value.
     # See https://pydocs2cn.readthedocs.org/en/latest/library/collections.html#defaultdict-objects
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ def summarize(results):
             first['winner'] = 'X'
 
         # Get race metadata from one set of results
-        result = cand_results.values()[0][0]
+        result = list(cand_results.values())[0][0]
         # Add results to output
         summary[race_key] = {
             'all_votes': all_votes,
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ def write_csv(summary):
 
     """
     outfile = join(dirname((__file__)), 'summary_results.csv')
-    with open(outfile, 'wb') as fh:
+    with open(outfile, 'w') as fh:
         # Limit output to cleanly parsed, standardized values
         fieldnames = [
             'date',