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【复合操作的非原子性】以下ConcurrentHashMap操作也不会实现预期的anotherValue #2668

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GuZyx opened this issue Apr 28, 2025 · 1 comment
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@GuZyx
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GuZyx commented Apr 28, 2025

// 线程 A
map.putIfAbsent(key, value);

// 线程 B
map.putIfAbsent(key, anotherValue);

eg:

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Map<String, Integer> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

        // 初始时 map 为空
        // 计算键 "key1" 对应的值,如果不存在则根据计算逻辑生成值
        Integer value1 = map.putIfAbsent("key1", 1);
        System.out.println("map = " + map); // 输出: map = {key1=1}
        System.out.println("value1 = " + value1); // 输出: value1 = 1

        // 再次计算键 "key1" 对应的值,由于键已存在,直接返回已有的值
        Integer value2 = map.putIfAbsent("key1", 2);
        System.out.println("map = " + map); // 输出: map = {key1=1}
        System.out.println("value2 = " + value2); // 输出: value2 = 1
    }

以上操作也并不会实现预期的 (key, anotherValue)。

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@Snailclimb
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Map<String, Integer> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    // 初始时 map 为空
    // 计算键 "key1" 对应的值,如果不存在则根据计算逻辑生成值
    Integer value1 = map.putIfAbsent("key1", 1);
    System.out.println("map = " + map); // 输出: map = {key1=1}
    System.out.println("value1 = " + value1); // 输出: value1 = 1

    // 再次计算键 "key1" 对应的值,由于键已存在,直接返回已有的值
    Integer value2 = map.putIfAbsent("key1", 2);
    System.out.println("map = " + map); // 输出: map = {key1=1}
    System.out.println("value2 = " + value2); // 输出: value2 = 1
  • putIfAbsent 的核心在于“如果不存在则放入”,它的返回值是操作前与 key 关联的值 (如果不存在则为 null)。
  • computeIfAbsent 的核心在于“如果不存在则计算并放入”,它的返回值是操作后与 key 关联的值 (无论是新计算的还是原有的)。
public static void main(String[] args) {
    Map<String, Integer> map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    // 初始时 map 为空
    // 第一次调用 putIfAbsent
    Integer value1 = map.putIfAbsent("key1", 1);
    System.out.println("map = " + map); // map = {key1=1}
    System.out.println("value1 = " + value1); // value1 = null  <-- 这里是关键!
                                              // 因为 "key1" 之前不存在,所以放入了 1,返回了 null。

    // 第二次调用 putIfAbsent
    Integer value2 = map.putIfAbsent("key1", 2); // "key1" 已经存在,值为 1
    System.out.println("map = " + map); // map = {key1=1} (没有变化)
    System.out.println("value2 = " + value2); // value2 = 1   <-- 返回的是 "key1" 当前关联的值,即 1。
                                              // 并没有放入 2。
}

你的代码示例本身是 putIfAbsent 的正确用法,但你对 putIfAbsent 返回值的理解可能与其实际行为略有出入,特别是当 key 首次被放入时。putIfAbsent 的确实现了“如果不存在则放入一个初始值”的原子操作,并且在并发环境下,只有一个线程的 putIfAbsent 会成功地将初始值放入(并返回 null),后续线程调用 putIfAbsent 则会获取到已存在的值。

@Snailclimb Snailclimb added the question Further information is requested label May 8, 2025
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