Add pure implementation of K-Nearest Neighbours (#1278)

* Pure implementation of KNN added

* Comments and test case added

* doctest added

Author: parth-paradkar

machine_learning/k_nearest_neighbours.py

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import numpy as np
+from collections import Counter
+from sklearn import datasets
+from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
+
+data = datasets.load_iris()
+
+X = np.array(data['data'])
+y = np.array(data['target'])
+classes = data['target_names']
+
+X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y)
+
+def euclidean_distance(a, b):
+    """
+    Gives the euclidean distance between two points
+    >>> euclidean_distance([0, 0], [3, 4])
+    5.0
+    >>> euclidean_distance([1, 2, 3], [1, 8, 11])
+    10.0
+    """
+    return np.linalg.norm(np.array(a) - np.array(b))
+
+def classifier(train_data, train_target, classes, point, k=5):
+    """
+    Classifies the point using the KNN algorithm
+    k closest points are found (ranked in ascending order of euclidean distance)
+    Params:
+    :train_data: Set of points that are classified into two or more classes
+    :train_target: List of classes in the order of train_data points
+    :classes: Labels of the classes
+    :point: The data point that needs to be classifed
+
+    >>> X_train = [[0, 0], [1, 0], [0, 1], [0.5, 0.5], [3, 3], [2, 3], [3, 2]]
+    >>> y_train = [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1]
+    >>> classes = ['A','B']; point = [1.2,1.2]
+    >>> classifier(X_train, y_train, classes,point)
+    'A'
+    """
+    data = zip(train_data, train_target)
+    # List of distances of all points from the point to be classified
+    distances = []
+    for data_point in data:
+        distance = euclidean_distance(data_point[0], point)
+        distances.append((distance, data_point[1]))
+    # Choosing 'k' points with the least distances. 
+    votes = [i[1] for i in sorted(distances)[:k]]
+    # Most commonly occuring class among them 
+    # is the class into which the point is classified
+    result = Counter(votes).most_common(1)[0][0]
+    return classes[result]
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    print(classifier(X_train, y_train, classes, [4.4, 3.1, 1.3, 1.4]))