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乐观锁需要操作和冲突检测这两个步骤具备原子性,这里就不能再使用互斥同步来保证了,只能靠硬件来完成。硬件支持的原子性操作最典型的是:比较并交换(Compare-and-Swap,CAS)。CAS 指令需要有 3 个操作数,分别是内存地址 V、旧的预期值 A 和新值 B。当执行操作时,只有当 V 的值等于 A,才将 V 的值更新为 B。
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