Merge branch 'master' into mb-locfix2

Author: mikeblome

docs/atl-mfc-shared/allocating-and-releasing-memory-for-a-bstr.md

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-  - "BSTRs, memory allocation"
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-  - "memory [C++], releasing"
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 ---
 # Allocating and Releasing Memory for a BSTR
 When you create `BSTR`s and pass them between COM objects, you must take care in treating the memory they use in order to avoid memory leaks. When a `BSTR` stays within an interface, you must free its memory when you are done with it. However, when a `BSTR` passes out of an interface, the receiving object takes responsibility for its memory management.  

docs/atl-mfc-shared/atl-mfc-concepts.md

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 ---
 # ATL/MFC Concepts
 This section provides conceptual and task-based topics to help you program using the classes shared between Active Template Library (ATL) and Microsoft Foundation Class (MFC) Library.  

docs/atl-mfc-shared/atl-mfc-shared-classes.md

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+helpviewer_keywords: ["CPoint class, shared class", "CFileTimeSpan class, shared class", "COleDateTime class, shared class", "CFixedStringT class, shared class", "CStrBufT class, shared class", "CFileTime class, shared class", "CRect class, shared class", "CSimpleStringT class, shared class", "CStringT class, shared class", "CSize class, shared class", "CStringData class, shared class", "IAtlStringMgr class, shared class", "shared classes, MFC and ATL", "COleDateTimeSpan class, shared class", "CString objects, shared class", "shared classes"]
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 ---
 # ATL/MFC Shared Classes
 Beginning with Visual C++ .NET 2002, several existing MFC utility classes were rewritten or revised to reduce their dependencies on other MFC classes. These utility classes can now be used in any native C++ project. This section only includes classes that were previously available to MFC projects and have now been shared, plus a few new classes related to the changes in `CString`. It does not include the ATL classes, which can be used in any native C++ project type by inclusion of the appropriate header.  

docs/atl-mfc-shared/avoidance-of-heap-contention.md

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 ---
 # Avoidance of Heap Contention
 The default string managers provided by MFC and ATL are simple wrappers on top of a global heap. This global heap is fully thread-safe, meaning that multiple threads can allocate and free memory from it simultaneously without corrupting the heap. To help provide thread safety, the heap has to serialize access to itself. This is usually accomplished with a critical section or similar locking mechanism. Whenever two threads try to access the heap simultaneously, one thread is blocked until the other thread's request is finished. For many applications, this situation rarely occurs and the performance impact of the heap's locking mechanism is negligible. However, for applications that frequently access the heap from multiple threads contention for the heap's lock can cause the application to run slower than if it were single-threaded (even on machines with multiple CPUs).  

docs/atl-mfc-shared/basic-cstring-operations.md

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-  - "CString objects, basic operations"
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-  - "literal strings, CString operations"
-  - "CString objects"
-  - "string comparison, CString operations"
-  - "characters, accessing in CStrings"
+dev_langs: ["C++"]
+helpviewer_keywords: ["CString objects, basic operations", "string literals, CString operations", "literal strings, CString operations", "CString objects", "string comparison, CString operations", "characters, accessing in CStrings"]
 ms.assetid: 41db66b2-9427-4bb3-845a-9b6869159a6c
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 ---
 # Basic CString Operations
 This topic explains the following basic [CString](../atl-mfc-shared/reference/cstringt-class.md) operations:  

docs/atl-mfc-shared/cfixedstringt-example-of-a-custom-string-manager.md

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 ---
 # CFixedStringT: Example of a Custom String Manager
 The ATL library implements one example of a custom string manager used by class [CFixedStringT](../atl-mfc-shared/reference/cfixedstringt-class.md), called **CFixedStringMgr**. `CFixedStringT` is derived from [CStringT](../atl-mfc-shared/reference/cstringt-class.md) and implements a string that allocates its character data as part of the `CFixedStringT` object itself as long as the string is less than the length specified by the **t_nChars** template parameter of `CFixedStringT`. With this approach, the string does not need the heap at all, unless the length of the string grows beyond the size of the fixed buffer. Because `CFixedStringT` does not always use a heap to allocate its string data, it cannot use **CAtlStringMgr** as its string manager. It uses a custom string manager (**CFixedStringMgr**), implementing the [IAtlStringMgr](../atl-mfc-shared/reference/iatlstringmgr-class.md) interface. This interface is discussed in [Implementation of a Custom String Manager (Advanced Method)](../atl-mfc-shared/implementation-of-a-custom-string-manager-advanced-method.md).  

docs/atl-mfc-shared/cstring-argument-passing.md

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-  - "strings [C++], as function input/output"
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 ---
 # CString Argument Passing
 This article explains how to pass [CString](../atl-mfc-shared/reference/cstringt-class.md) objects to functions and how to return `CString` objects from functions.  

docs/atl-mfc-shared/cstring-exception-cleanup.md

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 ---
 # CString Exception Cleanup
 In previous versions of MFC, it was important that you clean up [CString](../atl-mfc-shared/reference/cstringt-class.md) objects after use. With MFC version 3.0 and later, explicit cleanup is no longer necessary.  

docs/atl-mfc-shared/cstring-operations-relating-to-c-style-strings.md

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 ---
 # CString Operations Relating to C-Style Strings
 A [CString](../atl-mfc-shared/using-cstring.md) object contains character string data. `CString` inherits the set of the [methods and operators](../atl-mfc-shared/reference/cstringt-class.md) that are defined in the class template [CStringT](../atl-mfc-shared/reference/cstringt-class.md) to work with string data. (`CString` is a `typedef` that specializes `CStringT` to work with the kind of character data that `CString` supports.)