diff --git a/arg.py b/arg.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..92aa4139dbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/arg.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+from sys import argv
+script,first,second,third = argv
+print "the script is called:", script
+print "your first variable is:", first
+print "your second variable is:", second
+print "your third variable is:", third
diff --git a/cat.py b/cat.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e1e01350b40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#/usr/bin/python
+#file name cat.py
+
+import sys
+
+def readfile (filename):
+	''' Print a file to the standard output.'''
+	f = file(filename)
+	while True:
+		line = f.readline()
+		if len(line) == 0:
+			break
+		print line, #notice comma
+	f.close()
+## Script starts from here
+
+if len(sys.argv) < 2:
+	print 'No action specified.'
+	sys.exit()
+if sys.argv[1].startswith('--'):
+	option = sys.argv[1][2:]
+	if option == 'version':
+		print 'Version 1.2'
+	elif option == 'help':
+		print '''\
+This program prints files to the standard output.
+Any number of files can be specified.
+Options include:
+	--version : prints the version number
+	--help    : Display this help'''
+	else:
+		print 'Unknow option.'
+	sys.exit()
+else:
+	for filename in sys.argv[1:]:
+	    readfile(filename)
+
diff --git a/ex15.py b/ex15.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9f37ced2474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex15.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+from sys import argv
+script,filename=argv
+print "we're going to erase %r." % filename
+print "If you don't want that, hit CTRL-C(^C)."
+print "If you do want that, hit RETURN."
+raw_input("?")
+print "opening the file..."
+target = open(filename, 'w')
+print "Truncating the file. Goodbye!"
+target.truncate()
+print "Now I'm going to ask you for three lines."
+line1=raw_input("line 1:")
+line2=raw_input("line 2:")
+line3=raw_input("line 3:")
+print "I'm going to write these to the file."
+target.write(line1)
+target.write("\n")
+target.write(line2)
+target.write("\n")
+target.write(line3)
+target.write("\n")
+print "and finally, we close it."
+target.close()
diff --git a/ex15.txt b/ex15.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..06cb570cdc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex15.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+abc1
+def2
+ghk3
diff --git a/ex17.py b/ex17.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..19e0e659bda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex17.py
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+from sys import argv
+from os.path import exists
+script,from_file,to_file=argv
+print "copying from %s to %s" %(from_file, to_file)
+input =open (from_file)
+indata=input.read()
+print "the input file is %d bytes long" % len(indata)
+print "does the output file exist? %r" % exists(to_file)
+print "ready, hit RETURN to continue, CTRL-C to abort."
+raw_input()
+output=open(to_file,'w')
+output.write(indata)
+print "alright, all done"
+output.close()
+input.close()
diff --git a/ex17.txt b/ex17.txt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..06cb570cdc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex17.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+abc1
+def2
+ghk3
diff --git a/ex18.py b/ex18.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6063c5037d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex18.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+def print_two(*args):
+	arg1,arg2=args
+	print "arg1: %r, arg2: %r" % (arg1,arg2)
+def print_two_again(arg1,arg2):
+	print "arg1: %r, arg2: %r" %(arg1, arg2)
+def print_one(arg1):
+	print "arg1: %r" % arg1
+def print_none():
+	print "I got nothing."
+
+print_two("zed", "shaw")
+print_two_again("zed","shaw")
+print_one("first!")
+print_none()
diff --git a/ex19.py b/ex19.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ab7b77163a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex19.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+def cheese_and_crackers(cheese_count, boxes_of_crackers):
+	print "you have %d cheeses!" % (cheese_count)
+	print "you have %d boxes of crackers!" % boxes_of_crackers
+	print "man that's enough for a party!"
+	print "get a blanket.\n"
+print "we can just give the function numbers directly:"
+cheese_and_crackers(20,30)
+print "OR, we can use variables from our script:"
+amount_of_cheese=10
+amount_of_crackers=50
+cheese_and_crackers(amount_of_cheese,amount_of_crackers)
+print "we can even do math inside too:"
+cheese_and_crackers(10+20, 5+6)
+print "we can combine the two, variables and math:"
+cheese_and_crackers(amount_of_cheese + 100, amount_of_crackers + 1000)
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/ex20.py b/ex20.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..eb8df241d54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex20.py
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+from sys import argv
+script, input_file=argv
+def print_all(f):
+	print f.read()
+def rewind(f):
+	f.seek(0)
+def print_a_line(line_count, f):
+	print line_count, f.readline()
+current_file=open(input_file)
+print "first let's print the whole file:\n"
+print_all(current_file)
+print "now let's rewind, kind of like a tape."
+rewind(current_file)
+print "let's print three lines:"
+current_line=1
+print_a_line(current_line, current_file)
+current_line = current_line +1
+print_a_line(current_line, current_file)
+current_line = current_line +1
+print_a_line(current_line, current_file)
+
diff --git a/ex21.py b/ex21.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..cf01abb7cca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex21.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+def add(a,b):
+	print "ADDING %d + %d" %(a,b)
+	return a+b
+def subtract(a,b):
+	print "SUBTRACTING %d - %d" %(a,b)
+	return a-b
+def multiply(a,b):
+	print "MULTIPLYING %d * %d" %(a,b)
+	return a*b
+def divide(a,b):
+	print "DIVIDING %d / %d" %(a,b)
+	return a/b
+print "Let's do some math with just functions!"
+age = add(30,5)
+height= subtract(78,4)
+weight= multiply(90,2)
+iq = divide(100,2)
+print "Age: %d, Height: %d, Weight: %d, IQ: %d" %(age, height,weight, iq)
+# A puzzle
+print "Here is a puzzle."
+what = add (age,subtract(height,multiply(weight,divide(iq,2))))
+print "that becames: %d,  can you do it by hand?" %(what)
+
+
diff --git a/ex24.py b/ex24.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9661cf9dda6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex24.py
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+print "Let's practice everything."
+print 'you\'d need to know \'bout eccapes with \\ that do \n newlines and \t tabs.'
+poem = """
+\tthe lovely world
+with logic so firmly planted
+cannot discern \n the needs of love
+nor comprehend passion from intuition
+and requires an explanation
+\n\t\twhere there is none.
+"""
+
+print "----------------------"
+print poem
+print "----------------------"
+five = 10 -2 +3 -6
+print "this should be five: %s" %five
+def secret_formula(started):
+	jelly_beans=started * 500
+	jars=jelly_beans / 100
+	crates=jars / 100
+	return jelly_beans, jars,crates
+start_point = 10000
+beans, jars, crates = secret_formula(start_point)
+print "with a starting point of: %d" % start_point
+print "we'd have %d beans, %d jars, and %d crates." %(beans, jars, crates)
+start_point = start_point / 10
+print "we can also do that this way:"
+print "we'd have %d beans, %d jars, and %d crates." %secret_formula(start_point)
diff --git a/ex25.py b/ex25.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..72cca3c5ace
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex25.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+def break_words(stuff):
+	"""this function will break up words for us."""
+	words = stuff.split(' ')
+	return words
+def sort_words(words):
+	"""sorts the words."""
+	return sorted(words)
+def print_first_word(words):
+	"""prints the first word after popping it off."""
+	word = words.pop(0)
+	print word
+def print_last_word(words):
+	"""prints the last word after popping it off."""
+	word= words.pop(-1)
+	print word
+def sort_sentence(sentence):
+	"""takes in a full sentence and returns the sorted words."""
+	words= break_words(sentence)
+	return sort_words(words)
+def print_first_and_last(sentence):
+	"""prints the first and last words of the sentence."""
+	words = break_words(sentence)
+	print_first_word(words)
+	print_last_word(words)
+def print_first_and_last_sorted(sentence):
+	"""sorts the words then prints the first and last one."""
+	words=sort_sentence(sentence)
+	print_first_word(words)
+	print_last_word(words)
diff --git a/ex25.pyc b/ex25.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..70209a83599
Binary files /dev/null and b/ex25.pyc differ
diff --git a/ex29.py b/ex29.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4559ccdf2ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex29.py
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+people = 20 
+cats = 30
+dogs = 15
+
+if people < cats:
+	print "Too many cats! the world is doomed!"
+
+if people > cats:
+ 	print "Not many cats! the world is saved!"
+
+if people < dogs:
+ 	print "the world is drooled on!"
+
+if people > dogs:
+	print "the world is dry!"
+
+dogs += 5
+
+if people >= dogs:
+	print "people are greater than or equal to dogs."
+
+if people <= dogs:
+	print "people are less than or equal to dogs."
+
+if people == dogs:
+	print "people are dogs."
diff --git a/ex31.py b/ex31.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c200da48da5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex31.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+print "you enter a dark room with two doors, do you go through door #1 or door #2?"
+
+door = raw_input("> ")
+
+if door == "1":
+	print "there's a giant bear here eating cheese cake. what do you do?"
+	print "1. take the cake."
+	print "2. scream at the bear."
+	
+
+	bear = raw_input("> ")
+	if bear=="1":
+		print "the bear eats your face off. good job!"
+	elif bear == "2":
+		print "the bear eats your legs off. good job!"
+	else:
+		print "well, doing %s is probably better. bear runs away." % bear
+elif door == "2":
+	print "your stare into the endless abyss at cthulhu's retina."
+	print "1. blueberries."
+	print "2. yellow jacket clothespins."
+	print "3. understanding revolvers yelling melodies."
+
+	insanity = raw_input("> ")
+	
+	if insanity == "1" or insanity == "2":
+		print "your body survives powered by a mind of jello. good job!"
+	else:
+		print "the insanity rots your eyes into a pool of muck. good job!"
+
+else:
+	print "you sbumble around and fall on a knife and die. good job!"
diff --git a/ex32.py b/ex32.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..330c49c9b37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex32.py
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+the_count = [1,2,3,4,5]
+fruits = ['apples','oranges''pears','apricots']
+change = [1, 'pennies', 2, 'dimes', 3,'quarters']
+# this first kind of for-loop goes through a list
+
+for number in the_count:
+	print "this is count %d" % number
+
+#same as above
+
+for fruit in fruits:
+	print "A fruit of type: %s" % fruit
+for i in change:
+	print "I got %r" % i
+#elements = []
+
+#for i in range(0,6):
+#	print "adding %d to the list." %i
+#	elements.append(i)
+elements = range(0,6)
+
+for i in elements:
+	print "element was: %d" % i
+
diff --git a/ex33.py b/ex33.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..882b135b8e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex33.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+i = 0
+numbers = []
+
+while i < 6:
+	print "at the top i is %d" % i
+	numbers.append(i)
+	i = i + 1
+	print "numbers now:", numbers
+	print "at the bottom i is %d" %i
+print "the numbers: "
+for num in numbers:
+	print num
diff --git a/ex34.py b/ex34.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4b5be272762
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex34.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+from sys import exit
+
+def gold_room():
+	print "This room is full of gold. How much do you take?"
+	next = raw_input("> ")
+	if "0" in next or "1" in next:
+		how_much = int(next)
+	else:
+		dead("Man, learn to type a number.")
+	
+	if how_much < 50:
+		print "Nice, you're not greedy, you win!"
+		exit(0)
+	else:
+		dead("you greedy bastard!")
+def bear_room():
+	print "there is a bear here."
+	print "the bear has a bunch of honey."
+	print "the fat bear is in front of another door."
+	print "how are you going to move the bear?"
+	bear_moved = False
+	
+	while True:
+		next = raw_input("> ")
+
+		if next == "take honey":
+			dead("the bear looks at you then slaps your face off.")
+		elif next == "taunt bear" and not bear_moved:
+			print "the bear has moved from the door. you can go through it now."
+			bear_moved = True
+		elif next == "taunt bear" and bear_moved:
+			dead("the bear gets pissed off and chews your leg off.")
+
+		elif next == "open door" and bear_moved:
+			gold_room()
+		else:
+			print "I got no idea what that means."
+
+def cthulhu_room():
+	print "Here you see the great evil cthulhu."
+	print "he, it, whatever stares at you and you go insane."
+	print "do you flee for your life or eat your head?"
+
+	next = raw_input("> ")
+	if "flee" in next:
+		start()
+	elif "head" in next:
+		dead("well that was tasty!")
+	else:
+		cthulhu_room()
+
+def dead(y):
+	print y, "good job!"
+	exit(0)
+
+def start():
+	print "you are in a dark room."
+	print "there is a door to your right and left."
+	print "which one do you take?"
+	
+	next = raw_input("> ")
+	if next == "left":
+		bear_room()
+	elif next == "right":
+		cthulhu_room()
+	else:
+		dead("you stumble around the room until you starve.")
+
+start()
diff --git a/ex39.py b/ex39.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..aa3311e3406
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex39.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+ten_things = "Apples oranges crows telephone light sugar"
+print "wait there's not 10 things in that list, let's fix that."
+
+stuff = ten_things.split(' ')
+more_stuff = ["day", "night", "song", "friends", "corn", "banana", "girl", "boy"]
+
+while len(stuff) != 10:
+	next_one = more_stuff.pop()
+	print "adding: ", next_one
+	stuff.append(next_one)
+	print "there's %d items now." % len(stuff)
+
+print "there we go:", stuff
+
+print "let's do some things with stuff."
+
+print stuff[1]
+print stuff[-1]
+print stuff.pop()
+print ' '.join(stuff)
+print '#'.join(stuff[3:5])
+
diff --git a/ex40.py b/ex40.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..577334259e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex40.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+cities = {'CA': 'San francisco', 'MI': 'Detroit', 'FL': 'Jacksonville'}
+cities['NY']= 'New york'
+cities['OR']= 'Portland'
+
+def find_city(themap, state):
+	if state in themap:
+		return themap[state]
+	else:
+		return "Not found."
+
+cities['_find'] = find_city
+
+while True:
+	print "state? (ENTER to quit)", 
+	state = raw_input("> ")
+	if not state: break
+	
+	city_found = cities['_find'](cities, state)
+	print city_found
+
diff --git a/ex41.py b/ex41.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..97615422c56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex41.py
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+from sys import exit
+from random import randint
+
+def death():
+	quips = ["you died. you kinda suck at this.", 
+		"Nice job, you died ...jackass.", 
+		"such a luser.", 
+		"I have a small puppy that's better at this."]
+	print quips[randint(0,len(quips)-1)]
+	exit(1)
+
+def central_corridor():
+	print "the gothons of planet percal #25 have invaded your ship and destroyed"
+	print "your entire crew, you are the last surviving member and your last"
+	print "mission is to get neutron destruct bomb from the weapons armory,"
+	print "put it in the bridge, and blow the ship up after getting into an"
+	print "escape pod."
+	print "\n"
+	print "you're running down the central corridor to the weapons armory when"
+	print "a gothon jumps out, red scaly skin, dark grimy teeth, and evil clown costume"
+	print "flowing around his hate filled body. he's blocking the door to the"
+	print "armory and about to pull a weapon to blast you."
+
+	action = raw_input("> ")
+	
+	if action == "shoot!":
+		print "quick on the draw you yank out your blaster and fire it at the gothon."
+		print "his clown costume is flowing and moving around his body, which throws"
+		print "off your aim, your laser hits his costume but misses him entirely. this"
+		print "completely ruins his brand new costume his mother bought him, which"
+		print "makes him sly into an insane rage and blast you repeatedly in the face until"
+		print "you are dead. then he eates you."
+		return 'death'
+
+	elif action == "dodge!":
+		print "like a world class boxer you dodge, weave, slip and slide right"
+		print "as the gothon's blaster cranks a laser past your head."
+		print "in the middle of your artful dodge your foot slips and you"
+		print "bang your head on the metal wall and pass out."
+		print "you wake up shortly after only to die as the gothon stomps on"
+		print "your head and eats you."
+		return 'death'
+
+	elif action == "tell a joke":
+		print "lucky for you they made you learn gothon insults in the academy."
+		print "you tell the one gothon joke you know:"
+		print "lbhe zbgure vf fb sng, jura fur fvgf nebhaq gur ubhfr, fur fvgf nebhaq gur ubhfr."
+		print "the gothon stops, tries not to laugh, then busts out laughing and can't move."
+		print "While he's laughing you run up and shoot him square in the head"
+		print "putting him down, then jump through the weapon armory door."
+		return 'laser_weapon_armory'
+	else:
+		print "DOES NOT COMPUTE!"
+		return 'central_corridor'
+
+def laser_weapon_armory():
+	print "you do a dive roll into the weapon armory, crouch and scan the room"
+	print "for more gothons that might be hiding. it's dead quiet, too quiet."
+	print "you stand up and run to the far side of the room and find the"
+	print "neutron bomb in its container. there's a keypad lock on the box"
+	print "and you need the code to get the bomb out. if you get the code"
+	print "wrong 10 times then the lock closes forever and you can't"
+	print "get the bomb. the code is 3 digits."
+	
+	code ="%d%d%d" % (randint(1,9), randint(1,9), randint(1,9))
+	guess = raw_input("[keypad]> ")
+	guesses = 0
+	while guess != code and guesses < 10:
+		print "bzzzzeddd!"
+		guesses += 1
+		guess = raw_input("[keypad]> ")
+	
+	if guess == code:
+		print "the container clicks open and the seal breaks, letting gas out."
+		print "you grab the nuetron bomb and run as fast as you can to the"
+		print "bridge where you must place it in the right spot."
+		return 'the_bridge'
+
+	else:
+		print "the lock buzzes"
+		print "melting sound"
+		print "you decide to sit there"
+		print "ship from their ship and you die."
+		return 'death'
+
+def the_bridge():
+	print "you burst onto the bridge"
+	print "under your arm"
+	print "take control of the ship"
+	print "clown costume than the last"
+	print "weapons out yet"
+	print "arm and don't want to set it off."
+	
+	action = raw_input("> ")
+	if action == "throw the bomb":
+		print "throw the bomb at the group of gothons"
+		print "and make a leap for the door."
+		print "gothon shoots you"
+		print "as you die you see another gothon"
+		print "the bomb"
+		print "it goes off"
+		return 'death'
+	elif action =="slowly place the bomb":
+		print "you point your blaster at the bomb"
+		print "and the gothons put their hands up and start to sweat"
+		print "you inch"
+		print "place the bomb on the floor"
+		print "you jump back"
+		print "and blast the lock"
+		print "now that the bomb is placed"
+		print "get off"
+		return 'escape_pod'
+	else:
+		print "does not compute!"
+		return "the bridge"
+def escape_pod():
+	print "rush"
+	print "escape"
+	print "clear of"
+	print "interference"
+	print "pick one to take"
+	print "have no time to look"
+	print "do you take?"
+	
+	good_pod = randint(1,5)
+	guess = raw_input("[pod #]> ")
+	if int(guess) != good_pod:
+		print "jump into pod %s" % guess
+		print "the pod escape"
+		print "implodes"
+		print "into jam jelly."
+		return 'death'
+	else:
+		print "jump into pod %s" % guess
+		print "slides"
+		print "planet below"
+		print "back and see"
+		print "bright star"
+		print "time. you won!"
+		exit(0)
+ROOMS = {
+	'death': death,
+	'central_corridor': central_corridor,
+	'laser_weapon_armory': laser_weapon_armory,
+	'the_bridge': the_bridge,
+	'escape_pod': escape_pod
+}
+
+
+def runner(map, start):
+	next = start
+	
+	while True:
+		room = map[next]
+		print "\n-----------"
+		next = room()
+runner(ROOMS, 'central_corridor')
diff --git a/ex42.py b/ex42.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..bbc3b11b928
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ex42.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+
+class TheThing(object):
+	
+	def __init__(self):
+		self.number = 0
+	def some_function(self):
+		print "I got called."
+	def add_me_up(self, more):
+		self.number += more
+		return self.number
+
+a = TheThing();
+b = TheThing()
+
+a.some_function()
+b.some_function()
+
+print a.add_me_up(20)
+print a.add_me_up(20)
+print b.add_me_up(30)
+print b.add_me_up(30)
+
+print a.number
+print b.number
+
+class TheMultiplier(object):
+	def __init__(self, base):
+		self.base = base
+	def do_it(self,m):
+		return m * self.base
+x = TheMultiplier(a.number)
+print x.do_it(b.number)
diff --git a/raw_input.py b/raw_input.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a41fa84f818
--- /dev/null
+++ b/raw_input.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+age = raw_input("How old are you?")
+height = raw_input("How tall are you?")
+weight = raw_input("How much do you weigh?")
+print "so, you're %r old,%r tall and %r heavy." %(age, height,weight)
diff --git a/raw_input.pyc b/raw_input.pyc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..733df8ec5b5
Binary files /dev/null and b/raw_input.pyc differ
diff --git a/try.py b/try.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d51a607fb48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/try.py
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+
+import sys
+try:
+	s = raw_input('Enter something----->')
+except EOFError:
+	print "\nwhy did you do an EOF on me?"
+	sys.exit()
+except:
+	print "\nsome error/exception occured."
+print "done"