Merge branch 'source' into source

Author: Daniel Calle Rosa

site/CNAME

@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ In addition to the GraphQL [reference implementations in JavaScript](#javascript
 
   - [graphql-dotnet](https://github.com/graphql-dotnet/graphql-dotnet): GraphQL for .NET
   - [graphql-net](https://github.com/ckimes89/graphql-net): Convert GraphQL to IQueryable
+  - [Hot Chocolate](https://github.com/ChilliCream/hotchocolate): GraphQL Service for .net core and .net classic
 
 ### Clojure
 
@@ -122,6 +123,8 @@ Code that executes a hello world GraphQL query with \`graphql-clj\`:
   - [graphql-go](https://github.com/graphql-go/graphql): An implementation of GraphQL for Go / Golang.
   - [graphql-relay-go](https://github.com/graphql-go/relay): A Go/Golang library to help construct a graphql-go server supporting react-relay.
   - [neelance/graphql-go](https://github.com/neelance/graphql-go): An active implementation of GraphQL in Golang.
+  - [machinebox/graphql](https://github.com/machinebox/graphql): An elegant low-level HTTP client for GraphQL.
+  - [samsarahq/thunder](https://github.com/samsarahq/thunder): A GraphQL implementation with easy schema building, live queries, and batching.
 
 ### Groovy 
 
@@ -302,6 +305,47 @@ Apollo Server also supports all Node.js HTTP server frameworks: Express, Connect
   - [graphql-php](https://github.com/webonyx/graphql-php): A PHP port of GraphQL reference implementation
   - [graphql-relay-php](https://github.com/ivome/graphql-relay-php): A library to help construct a graphql-php server supporting react-relay.
 
+#### [Siler](https://siler.leocavalcante.com/graphql/) ([github](https://github.com/leocavalcante/siler))
+
+Siler is a PHP library powered with high-level abstractions to work with GraphQL.
+
+To run a Siler hello world script:
+
+\`\`\`graphql
+type Query {
+  hello: String
+}
+\`\`\`
+
+\`\`\`php
+<?php
+declare(strict_types=1);
+require_once '/path/to/vendor/autoload.php';
+
+use Siler\Diactoros;
+use Siler\Graphql;
+use Siler\Http;
+
+$typeDefs = file_get_contents(__DIR__.'/schema.graphql');
+$resolvers = [
+    'Query' => [
+        'hello' => 'world',
+    ],
+];
+$schema = Graphql\schema($typeDefs, $resolvers);
+
+echo "Server running at http://127.0.0.1:8080\n";
+Http\server(Graphql\psr7($schema), function (\Throwable $err) {
+    var_dump($err);
+    return Diactoros\json([
+        'error'   => true,
+        'message' => $err->getMessage(),
+    ]);
+})()->run();
+\`\`\`
+
+It also provides functionality for the construction of a WebSocket Subscriptions Server based on how Apollo works.
+
 ### Python
 
 #### [Graphene](http://graphene-python.org/) ([github](https://github.com/graphql-python/graphene))
@@ -320,14 +364,14 @@ Then run \`python hello.py\` with this code in \`hello.py\`:
 import graphene
 
 class Query(graphene.ObjectType):
-  hello = graphene.String()
+  hello = graphene.String(name=graphene.String(default_value="World"))
 
-  def resolve_hello(self, args, context, info):
-    return 'Hello world!'
+  def resolve_hello(self, info, name):
+    return 'Hello ' + name
 
 schema = graphene.Schema(query=Query)
 result = schema.execute('{ hello }')
-print(result.data['hello'])
+print(result.data['hello']) # "Hello World"
 \`\`\`
 
 There are also nice bindings for [Relay](https://facebook.github.io/relay/), Django, SQLAlchemy, and Google App Engine.
@@ -361,7 +405,7 @@ Schema = GraphQL::Schema.define do
   query QueryType
 end
 
-puts Schema.execute('{ hello }')
+puts Schema.execute('{ hello }').to_json
 \`\`\`
 
 There are also nice bindings for Relay and Rails.
@@ -391,6 +435,7 @@ Executor.execute(schema, query) map println
 ## GraphQL Clients
 
 - [C# / .NET](#c-net-1)
+- [Clojurescript](#clojurescript-1)
 - [Go](#go-1)
 - [Java / Android](#java-android)
 - [JavaScript](#javascript-1)
@@ -399,7 +444,13 @@ Executor.execute(schema, query) map println
 
 ### C# / .NET
 
+  - [GraphQL.Client](https://github.com/graphql-dotnet/graphql-client): A GraphQL Client for .NET.
   - [graphql-net-client](https://github.com/bkniffler/graphql-net-client): Basic example GraphQL client for .NET.
+  - [SAHB.GraphQLClient](https://github.com/sahb1239/SAHB.GraphQLClient): GraphQL client which supports generating queries from C# classes
+
+### Clojurescript
+
+  - [re-graph](https://github.com/oliyh/re-graph/): A GraphQL client implemented in Clojurescript with support for websockets.
 
 ### Go
 
@@ -409,13 +460,17 @@ Executor.execute(schema, query) map println
 
   - [Apollo Android](https://github.com/apollographql/apollo-android): A strongly-typed, caching GraphQL client for Android, written in Java.
 
+  - [Nodes](https://github.com/americanexpress/nodes): A GraphQL JVM Client designed for constructing queries from standard model definitions. By American Express.
+
 ### JavaScript
 
   - [Relay](https://facebook.github.io/relay/) ([github](https://github.com/facebook/relay)) ([npm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/react-relay)): Facebook's framework for building React applications that talk to a GraphQL backend.
   - [Apollo Client](http://apollographql.com/client/) ([github](https://github.com/apollographql/apollo-client)): A powerful JavaScript GraphQL client, designed to work well with React, React Native, Angular 2, or just plain JavaScript.
   - [graphql-request](https://github.com/graphcool/graphql-request): A simple and flexible JavaScript GraphQL client that works in all JavaScript environments (the browser, Node.js, and React Native) - basically a lightweight wrapper around \`fetch\`.
   - [Lokka](https://github.com/kadirahq/lokka): A simple JavaScript GraphQL client that works in all JavaScript environments (the browser, Node.js, and React Native).
   - [nanogql](https://github.com/yoshuawuyts/nanogql): Tiny GraphQL client library using template strings.
+  - [gq-loader](https://github.com/Houfeng/gq-loader): A simple JavaScript GraphQL client，Let the *.gql file be used as a module through webpack loader.
+  - [AWS Amplify](https://aws.github.io/aws-amplify): A JavaScript library for application development using cloud services, which supports GraphQL backend and React components for working with GraphQL data.
 
 ### Swift / Objective-C iOS
 
@@ -425,12 +480,15 @@ Executor.execute(schema, query) map println
 ### Python
 
   - [GQL](https://github.com/graphql-python/gql): A GraphQL client in Python.
+  - [python-graphql-client](https://github.com/graphcool/python-graphql-client): Simple GraphQL client for Python 2.7+.
+  - [sgqlc](https://github.com/profusion/sgqlc): A simple Python GraphQL client. Supports generating code generation for types defined in a GraphQL schema.
 
 ## Tools
 
   - [graphiql](https://github.com/graphql/graphiql) ([npm](https://www.npmjs.com/package/graphiql)): An interactive in-browser GraphQL IDE.
   - [libgraphqlparser](https://github.com/graphql/libgraphqlparser): A GraphQL query language parser in C++ with C and C++ APIs.
   - [Graphql Language Service](https://github.com/graphql/graphql-language-service): An interface for building GraphQL language services for IDEs (diagnostics, autocomplete etc).
+  - [quicktype](https://quicktype.io) ([github](https://github.com/quicktype/quicktype)): Generate types for GraphQL queries in TypeScript, Swift, golang, C#, C++, and more.
 
 ## Services
 
@@ -441,6 +499,7 @@ Executor.execute(schema, query) map println
   - [Scaphold](https://scaphold.io) ([github](https://github.com/scaphold-io)): A BaaS (Backend as a Service) that sets you up with a GraphQL backend for your applications with many different integrations.
   - [Tipe](https://tipe.io) ([github](https://github.com/tipeio)): A SaaS (Software as a Service) content management system that allows you to create your content with powerful editing tools and access it from anywhere with a GraphQL or REST API.
   - [AWS AppSync](https://aws.amazon.com/appsync/): Fully managed GraphQL service with realtime subscriptions, offline programming & synchronization, and enterprise security features as well as fine grained authorization controls.
+  - [Hasura](https://hasura.io): A BaaS (Backend as a Service) that lets you create tables, define permissions on Postgres and query and manipulate using a GraphQL interface.
 
 ## More Stuff
 

site/code/index.html.js

@@ -16,6 +16,14 @@ sublinks: Upcoming Events,Meetups
 
 GraphQL Europe is a non-profit GraphQL conference in Europe with speakers from all around the world. Learn about GraphQL best practices from industry experts and become part of the thriving GraphQL community. 
 
+### GraphQL Finland Conference
+
+- **Date:** October 18-19, 2018
+- **Location:** Helsinki, Finland
+- **Link:** https://graphql-finland.fi/
+
+GraphQL Finland is a community-organized GraphQL conference. The first of its kind in Finland, the event consists of a workshop day and a day of talks around the topic. GraphQL Finland is organized by the same team that brought you React Finland.
+
 ## Meetups
 
 ### North America
@@ -27,7 +35,6 @@ GraphQL Europe is a non-profit GraphQL conference in Europe with speakers from a
 - [GraphQL NYC](https://www.meetup.com/GraphQL-NYC/)
 - [GraphQL Atlanta](https://www.meetup.com/GraphQL-Atlanta/)
 - [GraphQL Austin](https://www.meetup.com/ATX-GraphQL/)
-- [GraphQL Miami](https://www.meetup.com/Miami-GraphQL/)
 - [GraphQL Los Angeles](https://www.meetup.com/Los-Angeles-GraphQL-Meetup/)
 - [GraphQL Dallas-Fort Worth](https://www.meetup.com/DFW-GraphQL-Meetup/)
 - [GraphQL Ottawa](https://www.meetup.com/GraphQL-Ottawa/)
@@ -46,7 +53,6 @@ GraphQL Europe is a non-profit GraphQL conference in Europe with speakers from a
 
 - [GraphQL Amsterdam](https://www.meetup.com/Amsterdam-GraphQL-Meetup/)
 - [GraphQL Berlin](https://www.meetup.com/graphql-berlin/)
-- [GraphQL Istanbul](https://www.meetup.com/GraphQL-Istanbul/)
 - [GraphQL London](https://www.meetup.com/GraphQL-London)
 - [GraphQL Paris](https://www.meetup.com/GraphQL-Paris/)
 - [GraphQL Munich](https://www.meetup.com/GraphQL-Munich/)
@@ -59,7 +65,7 @@ GraphQL Europe is a non-profit GraphQL conference in Europe with speakers from a
 ### Australia
 
 - [GraphQL Melbourne](http://graphql.melbourne/)
-- [GraphQL Sydney](http://graphql.sydney/)
+- [GraphQL Sydney](https://graphql.sydney/)
 
 ### Asia
 

site/community/Community-Events.md

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ Many members of the community use Stack Overflow to ask and answer questions. [R
 
 ## Facebook Group
 
-Join the [GraphQL Facebook Group](https://www.facebook.com/groups/graphql.community/) for questions, discussion, and sharing. The GraphQL Facebook group is the preferred venue for announcements and broader discussion.
+Join the [GraphQL Facebook Group](https://www.facebook.com/groups/graphql.community/) sharing and discovering new content. The GraphQL Facebook group is the preferred venue for announcements and broader discussion.
 
 ## Twitter
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ Here are a list of notable blog posts to help you better understand GraphQL:
 - [From REST to GraphQL](https://0x2a.sh/from-rest-to-graphql-b4e95e94c26b#.tag7nzkrb) - Jacob Gillespie
 - [GraphQL Explained](https://medium.com/apollo-stack/graphql-explained-5844742f195e#.zdykxos6i) - Jonas Helfer
 - [GraphQL Concepts Visualized](https://medium.com/apollo-stack/the-concepts-of-graphql-bc68bd819be3#.hfczgtdsj) - Dhaivat Pandya
-- [Building the f8 App: Using GraphQL & Relay](http://makeitopen.com/tutorials/building-the-f8-app/relay/)
+- [Building the f8 App: Using GraphQL & Relay](http://makeitopen.com/docs/en/1-A2-relay.html)
 - [Your First GraphQL Server](https://medium.com/the-graphqlhub/your-first-graphql-server-3c766ab4f0a2#.ovn0y19k4) - Clay Allsopp
 - [Tutorial: Kick start a JS API with Apollo-server, Dataloader and Knex](https://bamtech.gitbooks.io/dev-standards/content/backend/graphql-js/getting-started-with-apollo-server-dataloader-knex.mo.html) - Thomas Pucci
 - [Tutorial: How to Build a GraphQL Server](https://medium.com/apollo-stack/tutorial-building-a-graphql-server-cddaa023c035#.bu6sdnst4) - Jonas Helfer
@@ -92,9 +92,15 @@ Developers inside and outside of Facebook have given talks about GraphQL at conf
 - [Unleashing the power of GraphQL using Angular 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYpJ9pfugM8) - Gerard Sans, NG-BE 2016
 - [Webinar Series: GraphQL Around The World](https://graphql-world.com/webinar) - Vince Ning & Michael Paris
 - [All Talks from GraphQL Europe](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLn2e1F9Rfr6n_WFm9fPE-_wYPrYvSTySt) - Lee Byron, Sashko Stubailo, Dan Schafer, Johannes Schickling and many more
+- [Learning GraphQL with React and Relay](https://www.packtpub.com/application-development/learning-graphql-react-and-relay-video) by Divyendu Singh
+- [Hands-on GraphQL for Better RESTful Web Services (Video)](https://www.packtpub.com/application-development/hands-graphql-better-restful-web-services-video) by Ashwin Hegde
 
 ## Books
 
+- [The GraphQL Guide](https://graphql.guide) by John Resig and Loren Sands-Ramshaw
+- [Learning GraphQL](https://www.amazon.com/Learning-GraphQL-Declarative-Fetching-Modern/dp/1492030716/) by Eve Porcello and Alex Banks
+- [Fullstack GraphQL](https://www.graphql.college/fullstack-graphql) by Julian Mayorga
+- [Craft GraphQL APIs in Elixir with Absinthe](https://pragprog.com/book/wwgraphql/craft-graphql-apis-in-elixir-with-absinthe) by Bruce Williams and Ben Wilson
 - [Learning GraphQL and Relay](https://www.packtpub.com/web-development/learning-graphql-and-relay) by Samer Buna
 
 ## More Resources

site/community/Community-Resources.md

@@ -55,7 +55,9 @@ class GraphQLError extends Error {
    nodes?: Array<any>,
    stack?: ?string,
    source?: Source,
-   positions?: Array<number>
+   positions?: Array<number>,
+   originalError?: ?Error,
+   extensions?: ?{ [key: string]: mixed }
  )
 }
 ```

site/graphql-js/APIReference-Errors.md

@@ -38,7 +38,9 @@ export function execute(
   contextValue?: mixed,
   variableValues?: ?{[key: string]: mixed},
   operationName?: ?string
-): Promise<ExecutionResult>
+): MaybePromise<ExecutionResult>
+
+type MaybePromise<T> = Promise<T> | T;
 
 type ExecutionResult = {
   data: ?Object;

site/graphql-js/APIReference-Execution.md

@@ -461,7 +461,7 @@ var RGBType = new GraphQLEnumType({
 
 ```js
 class GraphQLInputObjectType {
-  constructor(config: GraphQLInputObjectTypeConfig)
+  constructor(config: GraphQLInputObjectConfig)
 }
 
 type GraphQLInputObjectConfig = {

site/graphql-js/APIReference-TypeSystem.md

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ var { introspectionQuery } = require('graphql'); // CommonJS
   <li>
     <a href="#printintrospectionschema">
       <pre>function printIntrospectionSchema</pre>
-      Prints the introspections featurs of the schema in a standard format.
+      Prints the introspection features of the schema in a standard format.
     </a>
   </li>
   <li>

site/graphql-js/APIReference-Utilities.md

@@ -23,18 +23,21 @@ You should see the output returned as JSON:
 {"data":{"hello":"Hello world!"}}
 ```
 
+If you prefer to use a graphical user interface to send a test query, you can use clients such as [GraphiQL](https://github.com/graphql/graphiql) and [Insomnia](https://github.com/getinsomnia/insomnia).
+
 It's also simple to send GraphQL from the browser. Open up http://localhost:4000, open a developer console, and paste in:
 
 ```javascript
-var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
-xhr.responseType = 'json';
-xhr.open("POST", "/graphql");
-xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
-xhr.setRequestHeader("Accept", "application/json");
-xhr.onload = function () {
-  console.log('data returned:', xhr.response);
-}
-xhr.send(JSON.stringify({query: "{ hello }"}));
+fetch('/graphql', {
+  method: 'POST',
+  headers: {
+    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+    'Accept': 'application/json',
+  },
+  body: JSON.stringify({query: "{ hello }"})
+})
+  .then(r => r.json())
+  .then(data => console.log('data returned:', data));
 ```
 
 You should see the data returned, logged in the console:
@@ -58,21 +61,23 @@ You could access this from JavaScript with the code:
 ```javascript
 var dice = 3;
 var sides = 6;
-var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
-xhr.responseType = 'json';
-xhr.open("POST", "/graphql");
-xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
-xhr.setRequestHeader("Accept", "application/json");
-xhr.onload = function () {
-  console.log('data returned:', xhr.response);
-}
 var query = `query RollDice($dice: Int!, $sides: Int) {
   rollDice(numDice: $dice, numSides: $sides)
 }`;
-xhr.send(JSON.stringify({
-  query: query,
-  variables: { dice: dice, sides: sides },
-}));
+
+fetch('/graphql', {
+  method: 'POST',
+  headers: {
+    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+    'Accept': 'application/json',
+  },
+  body: JSON.stringify({
+    query,
+    variables: { dice, sides },
+  })
+})
+  .then(r => r.json())
+  .then(data => console.log('data returned:', data));
 ```
 
 Using this syntax for variables is a good idea because it automatically prevents bugs due to escaping, and it makes it easier to monitor your server.

site/graphql-js/Tutorial-GraphQLClients.md

@@ -165,28 +165,30 @@ You can use variables to simplify mutation client logic just like you can with q
 ```javascript
 var author = 'andy';
 var content = 'hope is a good thing';
-var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
-xhr.responseType = 'json';
-xhr.open("POST", "/graphql");
-xhr.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
-xhr.setRequestHeader("Accept", "application/json");
-xhr.onload = function () {
-  console.log('data returned:', xhr.response);
-}
 var query = `mutation CreateMessage($input: MessageInput) {
   createMessage(input: $input) {
     id
   }
 }`;
-xhr.send(JSON.stringify({
-  query: query,
-  variables: {
-    input: {
-      author: author,
-      content: content,
+
+fetch('/graphql', {
+  method: 'POST',
+  headers: {
+    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+    'Accept': 'application/json',
+  },
+  body: JSON.stringify({
+    query,
+    variables: {
+      input: {
+        author,
+        content,
+      }
     }
-  }
-}));
+  })
+})
+  .then(r => r.json())
+  .then(data => console.log('data returned:', data));
 ```
 
 One particular type of mutation is operations that change users, like signing up a new user. While you can implement this using GraphQL mutations, you can reuse many existing libraries if you learn about [GraphQL with authentication and Express middleware](/graphql-js/authentication-and-express-middleware/).