Merge pull request MicrosoftDocs#3629 from MicrosoftDocs/master

6/23/2021 AM Publish

Author: Taojunshen

.openpublishing.redirection.json

@@ -665,6 +665,11 @@
       "redirect_url": "/cpp/build/reference/search-paths-in-rules",
       "redirect_document_id": false
     },
+    {
+      "source_path": "docs/build/setting-the-path-and-environment-variables-for-command-line-builds.md",
+      "redirect_url": "/cpp/build/building-on-the-command-line",
+      "redirect_document_id": false
+    },
     {
       "source_path": "docs/build/special-characters-in-a-makefile.md",
       "redirect_url": "/cpp/build/reference/special-characters-in-a-makefile",

docs/build/building-on-the-command-line.md

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ You can use these environment variables to define the files and options you use
 
 You can't use the [/D](d-preprocessor-definitions.md) option to define a symbol that uses an equal sign (**=**). Instead, you can use the number sign (**#**) for an equal sign. In this way, you can use the CL or \_CL_ environment variables to define preprocessor constants with explicit values—for example, `/DDEBUG#1` to define `DEBUG=1`.
 
-For related information, see [Set Environment Variables](../setting-the-path-and-environment-variables-for-command-line-builds.md).
+For more information, see [Use the MSVC toolset from the command line](../building-on-the-command-line.md).
 
 ## Examples
 

docs/build/reference/cl-environment-variables.md

@@ -1,35 +1,35 @@
 ---
 description: "Learn more about: /F (Set Stack Size)"
 title: "/F (Set Stack Size)"
-ms.date: "11/04/2016"
-f1_keywords: ["/f"]
+ms.date: 06/22/2021
+f1_keywords: ["/f", "-f"]
 helpviewer_keywords: ["set stack size compiler option", "F compiler option [C++]", "-F compiler option [C++]", "/F compiler option [C++]", "stack, setting size"]
 ms.assetid: 17320b6f-8305-445b-9ec2-75833f4b29e0
 ---
-# /F (Set Stack Size)
+# `/F` (Set Stack Size)
 
 Sets the program stack size in bytes.
 
 ## Syntax
 
-> **/F** *number*
+> **`/F`** *`number`*
 
 ## Arguments
 
-*number*<br/>
+*`number`*<br/>
 The stack size in bytes.
 
 ## Remarks
 
-Without this option the stack size defaults to 1 MB. The *number* argument can be in decimal or C-language notation. The argument can range from 1 to the maximum stack size accepted by the linker. The linker rounds up the specified value to the nearest 4 bytes. The space between **/F** and *number* is optional.
+Without this option, the stack size defaults to 1 MB. The *`number`* argument can be in decimal or C-language notation. The argument can range from 1 to the maximum stack size accepted by the linker. The linker rounds up the specified value to the nearest multiple of 4 bytes. The space between **`/F`** and *`number`* is optional.
 
-You may need to increase the stack size if your program gets stack-overflow messages.
+You may need to increase the stack size if your program gets stack-overflow messages at runtime.
 
 You can also set the stack size by:
 
-- Using the **/STACK** linker option. For more information, see [/STACK](stack.md).
+- Using the **`/STACK`** linker option. For more information, see [`/STACK` (Stack allocations)](stack-stack-allocations.md).
 
-- Using EDITBIN on the .exe file. For more information, see [EDITBIN Reference](editbin-reference.md).
+- Using EDITBIN on the EXE file. For more information, see [EDITBIN reference](editbin-reference.md).
 
 ### To set this compiler option in the Visual Studio development environment
 
@@ -45,5 +45,5 @@ You can also set the stack size by:
 
 ## See also
 
-[MSVC Compiler Options](compiler-options.md)<br/>
-[MSVC Compiler Command-Line Syntax](compiler-command-line-syntax.md)
+[MSVC compiler options](compiler-options.md)\
+[MSVC compiler command-line syntax](compiler-command-line-syntax.md)

docs/build/reference/f-set-stack-size.md

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ link.exe accepts MSIL *`.obj`* and *`.netmodule`* files as input. The output fil
 
 The linker must be passed the *`.obj`* file from the C++ compilation that created the *`.netmodule`*. Passing in a *`.netmodule`* is no longer supported because the **/clr:pure** and **/clr:safe** compiler options are deprecated in Visual Studio 2015 and unsupported in Visual Studio 2017 and later.
 
-For information on how to invoke the linker from the command line, see [Linker command-line syntax](linking.md), [Use the MSVC toolset from the command line](../building-on-the-command-line.md), and [Set the path and environment variables for command-line builds](../setting-the-path-and-environment-variables-for-command-line-builds.md).
+For information on how to invoke the linker from the command line, see [Linker command-line syntax](linking.md), [Use the MSVC toolset from the command line](../building-on-the-command-line.md), and [Use the MSVC toolset from the command line](../building-on-the-command-line.md).
 
 Passing a *`.netmodule`* or *`.dll`* file to the linker that was compiled by the MSVC compiler with **/clr** can result in a linker error. For more information, see [Choosing the format of .netmodule input files](choosing-the-format-of-netmodule-input-files.md).
 

docs/build/reference/netmodule-files-as-linker-input.md

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 ---
 description: "Learn more about: /Qspectre"
 title: "/Qspectre"
-ms.date: "09/06/2019"
+ms.date: 06/22/2021
 f1_keywords: ["VC.Project.VCCLCompilerTool.SpectreMitigation"]
 helpviewer_keywords: ["/Qspectre"]
 ---
@@ -11,17 +11,19 @@ Specifies compiler generation of instructions to mitigate certain Spectre varian
 
 ## Syntax
 
-> **/Qspectre**
+> **`/Qspectre`**
 
 ## Remarks
 
-The **/Qspectre** option is available in Visual Studio 2017 version 15.5.5 and later, and in Visual Studio 2015 Update 3 through [KB 4338871](https://support.microsoft.com/help/4338871/visual-studio-2015-update-3-spectre-variant-1-toolset-qspectre). It causes the compiler to insert instructions to mitigate certain [Spectre security vulnerabilities](https://spectreattack.com/spectre.pdf). These vulnerabilities are called *speculative execution side-channel attacks*. They affect many operating systems and modern processors, including processors from Intel, AMD, and ARM.
+The **`/Qspectre`** option causes the compiler to insert instructions to mitigate certain [Spectre security vulnerabilities](https://spectreattack.com/spectre.pdf). These vulnerabilities are called *speculative execution side-channel attacks*. They affect many operating systems and modern processors, including processors from Intel, AMD, and ARM.
 
-The **/Qspectre** option is off by default.
+The **`/Qspectre`** option is available starting in Visual Studio 2017 version 15.5.5 and all later versions. It's available in Visual Studio 2015 Update 3 through [KB 4338871](https://support.microsoft.com/help/4338871/visual-studio-2015-update-3-spectre-variant-1-toolset-qspectre).
 
-In its initial release, the **/Qspectre** option only worked on optimized code. In Visual Studio 2017 version 15.7 and later, the **/Qspectre** option is supported at all optimization levels.
+The **`/Qspectre`** option is off by default.
 
-Microsoft Visual C++ libraries are also available in versions with Spectre mitigation. The Spectre-mitigated libraries for Visual Studio 2017 and later can be downloaded in the Visual Studio Installer. They're found in the **Individual Components** tab under **Compilers, build tools, and runtimes**, and have "Libs for Spectre" in the name. Both DLL and static runtime libraries with mitigation enabled are available for a subset of the Visual C++ runtimes: VC++ start-up code, vcruntime140, msvcp140, concrt140, and vcamp140. The DLLs are supported for application-local deployment only. The contents of the Visual C++ 2017 and later Runtime Libraries Redistributable haven't been modified.
+In its initial release, the **`/Qspectre`** option only worked on optimized code. Starting in Visual Studio 2017 version 15.7, the **`/Qspectre`** option is supported at all optimization levels.
+
+Several Microsoft C++ libraries are also available in versions with Spectre mitigation. The Spectre-mitigated libraries for Visual Studio can be downloaded in the Visual Studio Installer. They're found in the **Individual Components** tab under **Compilers, build tools, and runtimes**, and have "Libs for Spectre" in the name. Both DLL and static runtime libraries with mitigation enabled are available for a subset of the Visual C++ runtimes: VC++ start-up code, vcruntime140, msvcp140, concrt140, and vcamp140. The DLLs are supported for application-local deployment only. The contents of the Visual C++ Runtime Libraries Redistributable haven't been modified.
 
 You can also install Spectre-mitigated libraries for MFC and ATL. They're found in the **Individual Components** tab under **SDKs, libraries, and frameworks**.
 
@@ -30,41 +32,55 @@ You can also install Spectre-mitigated libraries for MFC and ATL. They're found
 
 ### Applicability
 
-If your code operates on data that crosses a trust boundary, then we recommend you use the **/Qspectre** option to rebuild and redeploy your code to mitigate this issue as soon as possible. An example of such code is code that loads untrusted input that can affect execution. For example, code that makes remote procedure calls, parses untrusted input or files, or uses other local inter-process communication (IPC) interfaces. Standard sandboxing techniques may not be sufficient. Investigate your sandboxes carefully before you decide your code doesn't cross a trust boundary.
+If your code operates on data that crosses a trust boundary, then we recommend you use the **`/Qspectre`** option to rebuild and redeploy your code to mitigate this issue as soon as possible. An example of such code is code that loads untrusted input that can affect execution. For example, code that makes remote procedure calls, parses untrusted input or files, or uses other local inter-process communication (IPC) interfaces. Standard sandboxing techniques may not be sufficient. Investigate your sandboxes carefully before you decide your code doesn't cross a trust boundary.
 
 ### Availability
 
-The **/Qspectre** option is available in Visual Studio 2017 version 15.5.5, and in all updates to Microsoft C++ compilers (MSVC) made on or after January 23, 2018. Use the Visual Studio Installer to update the compiler, and to install the Spectre-mitigated libraries as individual components. The **/Qspectre** option is also available in Visual Studio 2015 Update 3 through a patch. For more information, see [KB 4338871](https://support.microsoft.com/help/4338871).
+The **`/Qspectre`** option is available starting in Visual Studio 2017 version 15.5.5, and in all updates to Microsoft C/C++ compilers (MSVC) made on or after January 23, 2018. Use the Visual Studio Installer to update the compiler, and to install the Spectre-mitigated libraries as individual components. The **`/Qspectre`** option is also available in Visual Studio 2015 Update 3 through a patch. For more information, see [KB 4338871](https://support.microsoft.com/help/4338871).
 
-All versions of Visual Studio 2017 version 15.5, and all Previews of Visual Studio 2017 version 15.6. include an undocumented option, **/d2guardspecload**. It's equivalent to the initial behavior of **/Qspectre**. You can use **/d2guardspecload** to apply the same mitigations to your code in these versions of the compiler. We recommend you update your build to use **/Qspectre** in compilers that support the option. The **/Qspectre** option may also support new mitigations in later versions of the compiler.
+All versions of Visual Studio 2017 version 15.5, and all Previews of Visual Studio 2017 version 15.6. include an undocumented option, **/`d2guardspecload`**. It's equivalent to the initial behavior of **`/Qspectre`**. You can use **`/d2guardspecload`** to apply the same mitigations to your code in these versions of the compiler. We recommend you update your build to use **`/Qspectre`** in compilers that support the option. The **`/Qspectre`** option may also support new mitigations in later versions of the compiler.
 
 ### Effect
 
-The **/Qspectre** option outputs code to mitigate Specter variant 1, Bounds Check Bypass, [CVE-2017-5753](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5753). It works by insertion of instructions that act as a speculative code execution barrier. The specific instructions used to mitigate processor speculation depend upon the processor and its micro-architecture, and may change in future versions of the compiler.
+The **`/Qspectre`** option outputs code to mitigate Specter variant 1, Bounds Check Bypass, [CVE-2017-5753](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5753). It works by insertion of instructions that act as a speculative code execution barrier. The specific instructions used to mitigate processor speculation depend upon the processor and its micro-architecture, and may change in future versions of the compiler.
 
-When you enable the **/Qspectre** option, the compiler attempts to identify instances where speculative execution may bypass bounds checks. That's where it inserts the barrier instructions. It's important to be aware of the limits to the analysis that a compiler can do to identify instances of variant 1. As such, there's no guarantee that all possible instances of variant 1 are instrumented under **/Qspectre**.
+When you enable the **`/Qspectre`** option, the compiler attempts to identify instances where speculative execution may bypass bounds checks. That's where it inserts the barrier instructions. It's important to be aware of the limits to the analysis that a compiler can do to identify instances of variant 1. As such, there's no guarantee that all possible instances of variant 1 are instrumented under **`/Qspectre`**.
 
 ### Performance impact
 
-The performance impact of **/Qspectre** appeared to be negligible in several sizable code bases. However, there are no guarantees that performance of your code under **/Qspectre** remains unaffected. You should benchmark your code to determine the effect of the option on performance. If you know that the mitigation isn't required in a performance-critical block or loop, You can selectively disable the mitigation by use of a [__declspec(spectre(nomitigation))](../../cpp/spectre.md) directive. This directive isn't available in compilers that only support the **/d2guardspecload** option.
+The effect of **`/Qspectre`** on performance appeared to be negligible in several sizable code bases. However, there are no guarantees that performance of your code under **`/Qspectre`** remains unaffected. You should benchmark your code to determine the effect of the option on performance. If you know that the mitigation isn't required in a performance-critical block or loop, you can selectively disable the mitigation by use of a [`__declspec(spectre(nomitigation))`](../../cpp/spectre.md) directive. This directive isn't available in compilers that only support the **`/d2guardspecload`** option.
 
 ### Required libraries
 
-The **/Qspectre** compiler option generates code that implicitly links versions of the runtime libraries built to provide Spectre mitigations. These libraries are optional components that must be installed by using the Visual Studio Installer:
+The **`/Qspectre`** compiler option generates code that implicitly links versions of the runtime libraries built to provide Spectre mitigations. These libraries are optional components that must be installed by using the Visual Studio Installer:
 
 - MSVC version *version_numbers* Libs for Spectre \[(x86 and x64) | (ARM) | (ARM64)]
 - Visual C++ ATL for \[(x86/x64) | ARM | ARM64] with Spectre Mitigations
 - Visual C++ MFC for \[x86/x64 | ARM | ARM64] with Spectre Mitigations
 
-If you build your code by using **/Qspectre** and these libraries aren't installed, the build system reports **warning MSB8038: Spectre mitigation is enabled but Spectre mitigated libraries are not found**. If your MFC or ATL code fails to build, and the linker reports an error such as **fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'oldnames.lib'**, these missing libraries may be the cause.
+::: moniker range=">=msvc-160"
+
+If you build your code by using **`/Qspectre`** and these libraries aren't installed, the build system reports warning [MSB8040](/visualstudio/msbuild/errors/msb8040). If your MFC or ATL code fails to build, and the linker reports an error such as "fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'oldnames.lib'", these missing libraries may be the cause.
+
+::: moniker-end
+
+::: moniker range="<=msvc-150"
+
+If you build your code by using **`/Qspectre`** and these libraries aren't installed, the build system reports warning MSB8038: "Spectre mitigation is enabled but Spectre mitigated libraries are not found". If your MFC or ATL code fails to build, and the linker reports an error such as "fatal error LNK1104: cannot open file 'oldnames.lib'", these missing libraries may be the cause.
+
+::: moniker-end
 
 ### Additional information
 
-For more information, see the official [Microsoft Security Advisory ADV180002, Guidance to mitigate speculative execution side-channel vulnerabilities](https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/ADV180002). Guidance is also available from Intel, [Speculative Execution Side Channel Mitigations](https://software.intel.com/sites/default/files/managed/c5/63/336996-Speculative-Execution-Side-Channel-Mitigations.pdf), and ARM, [Cache Speculation Side-channels](https://developer.arm.com/-/media/Files/pdf/Cache_Speculation_Side-channels.pdf). For a Windows-specific overview of Spectre and Meltdown mitigations, see [Understanding the performance impact of Spectre and Meltdown mitigations on Windows Systems](https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2018/01/09/understanding-the-performance-impact-of-spectre-and-meltdown-mitigations-on-windows-systems/). For an overview of Spectre vulnerabilities addressed by the MSVC mitigations, see [Spectre mitigations in MSVC](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/spectre-mitigations-in-msvc./) on the C++ Team Blog.
+For more information, see the official [Microsoft Security Advisory ADV180002, Guidance to mitigate speculative execution side-channel vulnerabilities](https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/ADV180002). Guidance is also available from Intel, [Speculative Execution Side Channel Mitigations](https://software.intel.com/sites/default/files/managed/c5/63/336996-Speculative-Execution-Side-Channel-Mitigations.pdf), and ARM, [Cache Speculation Side-channels](https://developer.arm.com/-/media/Files/pdf/Cache_Speculation_Side-channels.pdf).
+
+For a Windows-specific overview of Spectre and Meltdown mitigations, see [Understanding the performance impact of Spectre and Meltdown mitigations on Windows Systems](https://www.microsoft.com/security/blog/2018/01/09/understanding-the-performance-impact-of-spectre-and-meltdown-mitigations-on-windows-systems/).
+
+For an overview of Spectre vulnerabilities addressed by the MSVC mitigations, see [Spectre mitigations in MSVC](https://devblogs.microsoft.com/cppblog/spectre-mitigations-in-msvc./) on the C++ Team Blog.
 
 ### To set this compiler option in the Visual Studio development environment
 
-::: moniker range="msvc-160"
+::: moniker range=">=msvc-150"
 
 1. Open the project's **Property Pages** dialog box. For details, see [Set C++ compiler and build properties in Visual Studio](../working-with-project-properties.md).
 
@@ -74,13 +90,13 @@ For more information, see the official [Microsoft Security Advisory ADV180002, G
 
 ::: moniker-end
 
-::: moniker range="<=msvc-150"
+::: moniker range="msvc-140"
 
 1. Open the project's **Property Pages** dialog box. For details, see [Set C++ compiler and build properties in Visual Studio](../working-with-project-properties.md).
 
 1. Select the **Configuration Properties** > **C/C++** > **Command Line** property page.
 
-1. Enter the **/Qspectre** compiler option in the **Additional Options** box. Choose **OK** to apply the change.
+1. Enter the *`/Qspectre`* compiler option in the **Additional Options** box. Choose **OK** to apply the change.
 
 ::: moniker-end
 
@@ -90,6 +106,6 @@ For more information, see the official [Microsoft Security Advisory ADV180002, G
 
 ## See also
 
-[/Q Options (Low-Level Operations)](q-options-low-level-operations.md)<br/>
-[MSVC Compiler Options](compiler-options.md)<br/>
-[MSVC Compiler Command-Line Syntax](compiler-command-line-syntax.md)
+[`/Q` options (Low-level operations)](q-options-low-level-operations.md)\
+[MSVC compiler options](compiler-options.md)\
+[MSVC compiler command-line syntax](compiler-command-line-syntax.md)