|
| 1 | +{ |
| 2 | + "cells": [ |
| 3 | + { |
| 4 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 5 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 6 | + "source": [ |
| 7 | + "# Stacks, Queues & Heaps\n", |
| 8 | + "© Joe James, 2019.\n", |
| 9 | + "\n", |
| 10 | + "### Stack using Python List\n", |
| 11 | + "Stack is a LIFO data structure -- last-in, first-out. \n", |
| 12 | + "Use append() to push an item onto the stack. \n", |
| 13 | + "Use pop() to remove an item." |
| 14 | + ] |
| 15 | + }, |
| 16 | + { |
| 17 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 18 | + "execution_count": 2, |
| 19 | + "metadata": { |
| 20 | + "scrolled": true |
| 21 | + }, |
| 22 | + "outputs": [ |
| 23 | + { |
| 24 | + "name": "stdout", |
| 25 | + "output_type": "stream", |
| 26 | + "text": [ |
| 27 | + "[4, 7, 12, 19]\n" |
| 28 | + ] |
| 29 | + } |
| 30 | + ], |
| 31 | + "source": [ |
| 32 | + "my_stack = list()\n", |
| 33 | + "my_stack.append(4)\n", |
| 34 | + "my_stack.append(7)\n", |
| 35 | + "my_stack.append(12)\n", |
| 36 | + "my_stack.append(19)\n", |
| 37 | + "print(my_stack)" |
| 38 | + ] |
| 39 | + }, |
| 40 | + { |
| 41 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 42 | + "execution_count": 3, |
| 43 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 44 | + "outputs": [ |
| 45 | + { |
| 46 | + "name": "stdout", |
| 47 | + "output_type": "stream", |
| 48 | + "text": [ |
| 49 | + "19\n", |
| 50 | + "12\n", |
| 51 | + "[4, 7]\n" |
| 52 | + ] |
| 53 | + } |
| 54 | + ], |
| 55 | + "source": [ |
| 56 | + "print(my_stack.pop())\n", |
| 57 | + "print(my_stack.pop())\n", |
| 58 | + "print(my_stack)" |
| 59 | + ] |
| 60 | + }, |
| 61 | + { |
| 62 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 63 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 64 | + "source": [ |
| 65 | + "### Stack using List with a Wrapper Class\n", |
| 66 | + "We create a Stack class and a full set of Stack methods. \n", |
| 67 | + "But the underlying data structure is really a Python List. \n", |
| 68 | + "For pop and peek methods we first check whether the stack is empty, to avoid exceptions." |
| 69 | + ] |
| 70 | + }, |
| 71 | + { |
| 72 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 73 | + "execution_count": 4, |
| 74 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 75 | + "outputs": [], |
| 76 | + "source": [ |
| 77 | + "class Stack():\n", |
| 78 | + " def __init__(self):\n", |
| 79 | + " self.stack = list()\n", |
| 80 | + " def push(self, item):\n", |
| 81 | + " self.stack.append(item)\n", |
| 82 | + " def pop(self):\n", |
| 83 | + " if len(self.stack) > 0:\n", |
| 84 | + " return self.stack.pop()\n", |
| 85 | + " else:\n", |
| 86 | + " return None\n", |
| 87 | + " def peek(self):\n", |
| 88 | + " if len(self.stack) > 0:\n", |
| 89 | + " return self.stack[len(self.stack)-1]\n", |
| 90 | + " else:\n", |
| 91 | + " return None\n", |
| 92 | + " def __str__(self):\n", |
| 93 | + " return str(self.stack)" |
| 94 | + ] |
| 95 | + }, |
| 96 | + { |
| 97 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 98 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 99 | + "source": [ |
| 100 | + "### Test Code for Stack Wrapper Class" |
| 101 | + ] |
| 102 | + }, |
| 103 | + { |
| 104 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 105 | + "execution_count": 5, |
| 106 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 107 | + "outputs": [ |
| 108 | + { |
| 109 | + "name": "stdout", |
| 110 | + "output_type": "stream", |
| 111 | + "text": [ |
| 112 | + "[1, 3]\n", |
| 113 | + "3\n", |
| 114 | + "1\n", |
| 115 | + "1\n", |
| 116 | + "None\n" |
| 117 | + ] |
| 118 | + } |
| 119 | + ], |
| 120 | + "source": [ |
| 121 | + "my_stack = Stack()\n", |
| 122 | + "my_stack.push(1)\n", |
| 123 | + "my_stack.push(3)\n", |
| 124 | + "print(my_stack)\n", |
| 125 | + "print(my_stack.pop())\n", |
| 126 | + "print(my_stack.peek())\n", |
| 127 | + "print(my_stack.pop())\n", |
| 128 | + "print(my_stack.pop())" |
| 129 | + ] |
| 130 | + }, |
| 131 | + { |
| 132 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 133 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 134 | + "source": [ |
| 135 | + "---\n", |
| 136 | + "### Queue using Python Deque\n", |
| 137 | + "Queue is a FIFO data structure -- first-in, first-out. \n", |
| 138 | + "Deque is a double-ended queue, but we can use it for our queue. \n", |
| 139 | + "We use append() to enqueue an item, and popleft() to dequeue an item. \n", |
| 140 | + "See [Python docs](https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.deque) for deque." |
| 141 | + ] |
| 142 | + }, |
| 143 | + { |
| 144 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 145 | + "execution_count": 6, |
| 146 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 147 | + "outputs": [ |
| 148 | + { |
| 149 | + "name": "stdout", |
| 150 | + "output_type": "stream", |
| 151 | + "text": [ |
| 152 | + "deque([5, 10])\n", |
| 153 | + "5\n" |
| 154 | + ] |
| 155 | + } |
| 156 | + ], |
| 157 | + "source": [ |
| 158 | + "from collections import deque\n", |
| 159 | + "my_queue = deque()\n", |
| 160 | + "my_queue.append(5)\n", |
| 161 | + "my_queue.append(10)\n", |
| 162 | + "print(my_queue)\n", |
| 163 | + "print(my_queue.popleft())" |
| 164 | + ] |
| 165 | + }, |
| 166 | + { |
| 167 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 168 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 169 | + "source": [ |
| 170 | + "### Fun exercise:\n", |
| 171 | + "Write a wrapper class for the Queue class, similar to what we did for Stack, but using Python deque. \n", |
| 172 | + "Try adding enqueue, dequeue, and get_size methods." |
| 173 | + ] |
| 174 | + }, |
| 175 | + { |
| 176 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 177 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 178 | + "source": [ |
| 179 | + "### Python Single-ended Queue Wrapper Class using Deque\n", |
| 180 | + "We rename the append method to enqueue, and popleft to dequeue. \n", |
| 181 | + "We also add peek and get_size operations." |
| 182 | + ] |
| 183 | + }, |
| 184 | + { |
| 185 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 186 | + "execution_count": 7, |
| 187 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 188 | + "outputs": [], |
| 189 | + "source": [ |
| 190 | + "from collections import deque\n", |
| 191 | + "class Queue():\n", |
| 192 | + " def __init__(self):\n", |
| 193 | + " self.queue = deque()\n", |
| 194 | + " self.size = 0\n", |
| 195 | + " def enqueue(self, item):\n", |
| 196 | + " self.queue.append(item)\n", |
| 197 | + " self.size += 1\n", |
| 198 | + " def dequeue(self, item):\n", |
| 199 | + " if self.size > 0:\n", |
| 200 | + " self.size -= 1\n", |
| 201 | + " return self.queue.popleft()\n", |
| 202 | + " else: \n", |
| 203 | + " return None\n", |
| 204 | + " def peek(self):\n", |
| 205 | + " if self.size > 0:\n", |
| 206 | + " ret_val = self.queue.popleft()\n", |
| 207 | + " queue.appendleft(ret_val)\n", |
| 208 | + " return ret_val\n", |
| 209 | + " else:\n", |
| 210 | + " return None\n", |
| 211 | + " def get_size(self):\n", |
| 212 | + " return self.size" |
| 213 | + ] |
| 214 | + }, |
| 215 | + { |
| 216 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 217 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 218 | + "source": [ |
| 219 | + "### Python MaxHeap\n", |
| 220 | + "A MaxHeap always bubbles the highest value to the top, so it can be removed instantly. \n", |
| 221 | + "Public functions: push, peek, pop \n", |
| 222 | + "Private functions: __swap, __floatUp, __bubbleDown, __str__." |
| 223 | + ] |
| 224 | + }, |
| 225 | + { |
| 226 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 227 | + "execution_count": 11, |
| 228 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 229 | + "outputs": [], |
| 230 | + "source": [ |
| 231 | + "class MaxHeap:\n", |
| 232 | + " def __init__(self, items=[]):\n", |
| 233 | + " super().__init__()\n", |
| 234 | + " self.heap = [0]\n", |
| 235 | + " for item in items:\n", |
| 236 | + " self.heap.append(item)\n", |
| 237 | + " self.__floatUp(len(self.heap) - 1)\n", |
| 238 | + "\n", |
| 239 | + " def push(self, data):\n", |
| 240 | + " self.heap.append(data)\n", |
| 241 | + " self.__floatUp(len(self.heap) - 1)\n", |
| 242 | + "\n", |
| 243 | + " def peek(self):\n", |
| 244 | + " if self.heap[1]:\n", |
| 245 | + " return self.heap[1]\n", |
| 246 | + " else:\n", |
| 247 | + " return False\n", |
| 248 | + " \n", |
| 249 | + " def pop(self):\n", |
| 250 | + " if len(self.heap) > 2:\n", |
| 251 | + " self.__swap(1, len(self.heap) - 1)\n", |
| 252 | + " max = self.heap.pop()\n", |
| 253 | + " self.__bubbleDown(1)\n", |
| 254 | + " elif len(self.heap) == 2:\n", |
| 255 | + " max = self.heap.pop()\n", |
| 256 | + " else: \n", |
| 257 | + " max = False\n", |
| 258 | + " return max\n", |
| 259 | + "\n", |
| 260 | + " def __swap(self, i, j):\n", |
| 261 | + " self.heap[i], self.heap[j] = self.heap[j], self.heap[i]\n", |
| 262 | + "\n", |
| 263 | + " def __floatUp(self, index):\n", |
| 264 | + " parent = index//2\n", |
| 265 | + " if index <= 1:\n", |
| 266 | + " return\n", |
| 267 | + " elif self.heap[index] > self.heap[parent]:\n", |
| 268 | + " self.__swap(index, parent)\n", |
| 269 | + " self.__floatUp(parent)\n", |
| 270 | + "\n", |
| 271 | + " def __bubbleDown(self, index):\n", |
| 272 | + " left = index * 2\n", |
| 273 | + " right = index * 2 + 1\n", |
| 274 | + " largest = index\n", |
| 275 | + " if len(self.heap) > left and self.heap[largest] < self.heap[left]:\n", |
| 276 | + " largest = left\n", |
| 277 | + " if len(self.heap) > right and self.heap[largest] < self.heap[right]:\n", |
| 278 | + " largest = right\n", |
| 279 | + " if largest != index:\n", |
| 280 | + " self.__swap(index, largest)\n", |
| 281 | + " self.__bubbleDown(largest)\n", |
| 282 | + " \n", |
| 283 | + " def __str__(self):\n", |
| 284 | + " return str(self.heap)" |
| 285 | + ] |
| 286 | + }, |
| 287 | + { |
| 288 | + "cell_type": "markdown", |
| 289 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 290 | + "source": [ |
| 291 | + "### MaxHeap Test Code" |
| 292 | + ] |
| 293 | + }, |
| 294 | + { |
| 295 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 296 | + "execution_count": 12, |
| 297 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 298 | + "outputs": [ |
| 299 | + { |
| 300 | + "name": "stdout", |
| 301 | + "output_type": "stream", |
| 302 | + "text": [ |
| 303 | + "[0, 95, 10, 21, 3]\n", |
| 304 | + "95\n", |
| 305 | + "21\n" |
| 306 | + ] |
| 307 | + } |
| 308 | + ], |
| 309 | + "source": [ |
| 310 | + "m = MaxHeap([95, 3, 21])\n", |
| 311 | + "m.push(10)\n", |
| 312 | + "print(m)\n", |
| 313 | + "print(m.pop())\n", |
| 314 | + "print(m.peek())" |
| 315 | + ] |
| 316 | + }, |
| 317 | + { |
| 318 | + "cell_type": "code", |
| 319 | + "execution_count": null, |
| 320 | + "metadata": {}, |
| 321 | + "outputs": [], |
| 322 | + "source": [] |
| 323 | + } |
| 324 | + ], |
| 325 | + "metadata": { |
| 326 | + "kernelspec": { |
| 327 | + "display_name": "Python 3", |
| 328 | + "language": "python", |
| 329 | + "name": "python3" |
| 330 | + }, |
| 331 | + "language_info": { |
| 332 | + "codemirror_mode": { |
| 333 | + "name": "ipython", |
| 334 | + "version": 3 |
| 335 | + }, |
| 336 | + "file_extension": ".py", |
| 337 | + "mimetype": "text/x-python", |
| 338 | + "name": "python", |
| 339 | + "nbconvert_exporter": "python", |
| 340 | + "pygments_lexer": "ipython3", |
| 341 | + "version": "3.7.0" |
| 342 | + } |
| 343 | + }, |
| 344 | + "nbformat": 4, |
| 345 | + "nbformat_minor": 2 |
| 346 | +} |
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