Merge pull request krahets#138 from a16su/master

add binary_tree and avl_tree python code

Author: krahets

codes/cpp/chapter_tree/binary_tree_bfs.cpp

@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ vector<int> hierOrder(TreeNode* root) {
     vector<int> vec;
     while (!queue.empty()) {
         TreeNode* node = queue.front();
-        queue.pop();  // 队列出队
-        vec.push_back(node->val);            // 保存结点
+        queue.pop();                 // 队列出队
+        vec.push_back(node->val);    // 保存结点
         if (node->left != nullptr)
-            queue.push(node->left);    // 左子结点入队
+            queue.push(node->left);  // 左子结点入队
         if (node->right != nullptr)
-            queue.push(node->right);   // 右子结点入队
+            queue.push(node->right); // 右子结点入队
     }
     return vec;
 }

codes/python/chapter_tree/avl_tree.py

@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+"""
+File: avl_tree.py
+Created Time: 2022-12-20
+Author: a16su ([email protected])
+"""
+
+import sys, os.path as osp
+import typing
+
+sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
+from include import *
+
+
+class AVLTree:
+    def __init__(self, root: typing.Optional[TreeNode] = None):
+        self.root = root
+
+    """ 获取结点高度 """
+    def height(self, node: typing.Optional[TreeNode]) -> int:
+        # 空结点高度为 -1 ，叶结点高度为 0
+        if node is not None:
+            return node.height
+        return -1
+
+    """ 更新结点高度 """
+    def __update_height(self, node: TreeNode):
+        # 结点高度等于最高子树高度 + 1
+        node.height = max([self.height(node.left), self.height(node.right)]) + 1
+
+    """ 获取平衡因子 """
+    def balance_factor(self, node: TreeNode) -> int:
+        # 空结点平衡因子为 0
+        if node is None:
+            return 0
+        # 结点平衡因子 = 左子树高度 - 右子树高度
+        return self.height(node.left) - self.height(node.right)
+
+    """ 右旋操作 """
+    def __right_rotate(self, node: TreeNode) -> TreeNode:
+        child = node.left
+        grand_child = child.right
+        # 以 child 为原点，将 node 向右旋转
+        child.right = node
+        node.left = grand_child
+        # 更新结点高度
+        self.__update_height(node)
+        self.__update_height(child)
+        # 返回旋转后子树的根节点
+        return child
+
+    """ 左旋操作 """
+    def __left_rotate(self, node: TreeNode) -> TreeNode:
+        child = node.right
+        grand_child = child.left
+        # 以 child 为原点，将 node 向左旋转
+        child.left = node
+        node.right = grand_child
+        # 更新结点高度
+        self.__update_height(node)
+        self.__update_height(child)
+        # 返回旋转后子树的根节点
+        return child
+
+    """ 执行旋转操作，使该子树重新恢复平衡 """
+    def __rotate(self, node: TreeNode) -> TreeNode:
+        # 获取结点 node 的平衡因子
+        balance_factor = self.balance_factor(node)
+        # 左偏树
+        if balance_factor > 1:
+            if self.balance_factor(node.left) >= 0:
+                # 右旋
+                return self.__right_rotate(node)
+            else:
+                # 先左旋后右旋
+                node.left = self.__left_rotate(node.left)
+                return self.__right_rotate(node)
+        # 右偏树
+        elif balance_factor < -1:
+            if self.balance_factor(node.right) <= 0:
+                # 左旋
+                return self.__left_rotate(node)
+            else:
+                # 先右旋后左旋
+                node.right = self.__right_rotate(node.right)
+                return self.__left_rotate(node)
+        # 平衡树，无需旋转，直接返回
+        return node
+
+    """ 插入结点 """
+    def insert(self, val) -> TreeNode:
+        self.root = self.__insert_helper(self.root, val)
+        return self.root
+
+    """ 递归插入结点（辅助函数）"""
+    def __insert_helper(self, node: typing.Optional[TreeNode], val: int) -> TreeNode:
+        if node is None:
+            return TreeNode(val)
+        # 1. 查找插入位置，并插入结点
+        if val < node.val:
+            node.left = self.__insert_helper(node.left, val)
+        elif val > node.val:
+            node.right = self.__insert_helper(node.right, val)
+        else:
+            # 重复结点不插入，直接返回
+            return node
+        # 更新结点高度
+        self.__update_height(node)
+        # 2. 执行旋转操作，使该子树重新恢复平衡
+        return self.__rotate(node)
+
+    """ 删除结点 """
+    def remove(self, val: int):
+        root = self.__remove_helper(self.root, val)
+        return root
+
+    """ 递归删除结点（辅助函数） """
+    def __remove_helper(self, node: typing.Optional[TreeNode], val: int) -> typing.Optional[TreeNode]:
+        if node is None:
+            return None
+        # 1. 查找结点，并删除之
+        if val < node.val:
+            node.left = self.__remove_helper(node.left, val)
+        elif val > node.val:
+            node.right = self.__remove_helper(node.right, val)
+        else:
+            if node.left is None or node.right is None:
+                child = node.left or node.right
+                # 子结点数量 = 0 ，直接删除 node 并返回
+                if child is None:
+                    return None
+                # 子结点数量 = 1 ，直接删除 node
+                else:
+                    node = child
+            else:  # 子结点数量 = 2 ，则将中序遍历的下个结点删除，并用该结点替换当前结点
+                temp = self.__min_node(node.right)
+                node.right = self.__remove_helper(node.right, temp.val)
+                node.val = temp.val
+        # 更新结点高度
+        self.__update_height(node)
+        # 2. 执行旋转操作，使该子树重新恢复平衡
+        return self.__rotate(node)
+
+    """ 获取最小结点 """
+    def __min_node(self, node: typing.Optional[TreeNode]) -> typing.Optional[TreeNode]:
+        if node is None:
+            return None
+        # 循环访问左子结点，直到叶结点时为最小结点，跳出
+        while node.left is not None:
+            node = node.left
+        return node
+
+    """ 查找结点 """
+    def search(self, val: int):
+        cur = self.root
+        # 循环查找，越过叶结点后跳出
+        while cur is not None:
+            # 目标结点在 root 的右子树中
+            if cur.val < val:
+                cur = cur.right
+            # 目标结点在 root 的左子树中
+            elif cur.val > val:
+                cur = cur.left
+            # 找到目标结点，跳出循环
+            else:
+                break
+        # 返回目标结点
+        return cur
+
+
+""" Driver Code """
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    def test_insert(tree: AVLTree, val: int):
+        tree.insert(val)
+        print("\n插入结点 {} 后，AVL 树为".format(val))
+        print_tree(tree.root)
+
+    def test_remove(tree: AVLTree, val: int):
+        tree.remove(val)
+        print("\n删除结点 {} 后，AVL 树为".format(val))
+        print_tree(tree.root)
+
+    # 初始化空 AVL 树
+    avl_tree = AVLTree()
+
+    # 插入结点
+    # 请关注插入结点后，AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
+    test_insert(avl_tree, 1)
+    test_insert(avl_tree, 2)
+    test_insert(avl_tree, 3)
+    test_insert(avl_tree, 4)
+    test_insert(avl_tree, 5)
+    test_insert(avl_tree, 8)
+    test_insert(avl_tree, 7)
+    test_insert(avl_tree, 9)
+    test_insert(avl_tree, 10)
+    test_insert(avl_tree, 6)
+
+    # 插入重复结点
+    test_insert(avl_tree, 7)
+
+    # 删除结点
+    # 请关注删除结点后，AVL 树是如何保持平衡的
+    test_remove(avl_tree, 8)  # 删除度为 0 的结点
+    test_remove(avl_tree, 5)  # 删除度为 1 的结点
+    test_remove(avl_tree, 4)  # 删除度为 2 的结点
+
+    result_node = avl_tree.search(7)
+    print("\n查找到的结点对象为 {}，结点值 = {}".format(result_node, result_node.val))

codes/python/chapter_tree/binary_search_tree.py

@@ -1,10 +1,167 @@
 """
 File: binary_search_tree.py
-Created Time: 2022-11-25
-Author: Krahets (krahets@163.com)
+Created Time: 2022-12-20
+Author: a16su (lpluls001@gmail.com)
 """
 
 import sys, os.path as osp
+import typing
+
 sys.path.append(osp.dirname(osp.dirname(osp.abspath(__file__))))
 from include import *
 
+
+""" 二叉搜索树 """
+class BinarySearchTree:
+    def __init__(self, nums: typing.List[int]) -> None:
+        nums.sort()
+        self.__root = self.build_tree(nums, 0, len(nums) - 1)
+
+    """ 构建二叉搜索树 """
+    def build_tree(self, nums: typing.List[int], start_index: int, end_index: int) -> typing.Optional[TreeNode]:
+        if start_index > end_index:
+            return None
+
+        # 将数组中间结点作为根结点
+        mid = (start_index + end_index) // 2
+        root = TreeNode(nums[mid])
+        # 递归建立左子树和右子树
+        root.left = self.build_tree(nums=nums, start_index=start_index, end_index=mid - 1)
+        root.right = self.build_tree(nums=nums, start_index=mid + 1, end_index=end_index)
+        return root
+
+    @property
+    def root(self) -> typing.Optional[TreeNode]:
+        return self.__root
+
+    """ 查找结点 """
+    def search(self, num: int) -> typing.Optional[TreeNode]:
+        cur = self.root
+        # 循环查找，越过叶结点后跳出
+        while cur is not None:
+            # 目标结点在 root 的右子树中
+            if cur.val < num:
+                cur = cur.right
+            # 目标结点在 root 的左子树中
+            elif cur.val > num:
+                cur = cur.left
+            # 找到目标结点，跳出循环
+            else:
+                break
+        return cur
+
+    """ 插入结点 """
+    def insert(self, num: int) -> typing.Optional[TreeNode]:
+        root = self.root
+        # 若树为空，直接提前返回
+        if root is None:
+            return None
+
+        cur = root
+        pre = None
+
+        # 循环查找，越过叶结点后跳出
+        while cur is not None:
+            # 找到重复结点，直接返回
+            if cur.val == num:
+                return None
+            pre = cur
+
+            if cur.val < num:  # 插入位置在 root 的右子树中
+                cur = cur.right
+            else:  # 插入位置在 root 的左子树中
+                cur = cur.left
+
+        # 插入结点 val
+        node = TreeNode(num)
+        if pre.val < num:
+            pre.right = node
+        else:
+            pre.left = node
+        return node
+
+    """ 删除结点 """
+    def remove(self, num: int) -> typing.Optional[TreeNode]:
+        root = self.root
+        # 若树为空，直接提前返回
+        if root is None:
+            return None
+
+        cur = root
+        pre = None
+
+        # 循环查找，越过叶结点后跳出
+        while cur is not None:
+            # 找到待删除结点，跳出循环
+            if cur.val == num:
+                break
+            pre = cur
+            if cur.val < num:  # 待删除结点在 root 的右子树中
+                cur = cur.right
+            else:  # 待删除结点在 root 的左子树中
+                cur = cur.left
+
+        # 若无待删除结点，则直接返回
+        if cur is None:
+            return None
+
+        # 子结点数量 = 0 or 1
+        if cur.left is None or cur.right is None:
+            # 当子结点数量 = 0 / 1 时， child = null / 该子结点
+            child = cur.left or cur.right
+            # 删除结点 cur
+            if pre.left == cur:
+                pre.left = child
+            else:
+                pre.right = child
+        # 子结点数量 = 2
+        else:
+            # 获取中序遍历中 cur 的下一个结点
+            nex = self.min(cur.right)
+            tmp = nex.val
+            # 递归删除结点 nex
+            self.remove(nex.val)
+            # 将 nex 的值复制给 cur
+            cur.val = tmp
+        return cur
+
+    """ 获取最小结点 """
+    def min(self, root: typing.Optional[TreeNode]) -> typing.Optional[TreeNode]:
+        if root is None:
+            return root
+
+        # 循环访问左子结点，直到叶结点时为最小结点，跳出
+        while root.left is not None:
+            root = root.left
+        return root
+
+
+""" Driver Code """
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    # 初始化二叉搜索树
+    nums = list(range(1, 16))
+    bst = BinarySearchTree(nums=nums)
+    print("\n初始化的二叉树为\n")
+    print_tree(bst.root)
+
+    # 查找结点
+    node = bst.search(5)
+    print("\n查找到的结点对象为: {}，结点值 = {}".format(node, node.val))
+
+    # 插入结点
+    ndoe = bst.insert(16)
+    print("\n插入结点 16 后，二叉树为\n")
+    print_tree(bst.root)
+
+    # 删除结点
+    bst.remove(1)
+    print("\n删除结点 1 后，二叉树为\n")
+    print_tree(bst.root)
+
+    bst.remove(2)
+    print("\n删除结点 2 后，二叉树为\n")
+    print_tree(bst.root)
+
+    bst.remove(4)
+    print("\n删除结点 4 后，二叉树为\n")
+    print_tree(bst.root)