memory.po

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# Copyright (C) 2001-2022, Python Software Foundation
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# Ching-Lung Chuang, 2015
msgid ""
msgstr ""
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"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-05-23 14:06+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Adrian Liaw <adrianliaw2000@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Chinese - TAIWAN (https://github.com/python/python-docs-zh-"
"tw)\n"
"Language: zh_TW\n"
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:8
msgid "Memory Management"
msgstr "記憶體管理"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:17
msgid "Overview"
msgstr "總覽"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:19
msgid ""
"Memory management in Python involves a private heap containing all Python "
"objects and data structures. The management of this private heap is ensured "
"internally by the *Python memory manager*.  The Python memory manager has "
"different components which deal with various dynamic storage management "
"aspects, like sharing, segmentation, preallocation or caching."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:25
msgid ""
"At the lowest level, a raw memory allocator ensures that there is enough "
"room in the private heap for storing all Python-related data by interacting "
"with the memory manager of the operating system. On top of the raw memory "
"allocator, several object-specific allocators operate on the same heap and "
"implement distinct memory management policies adapted to the peculiarities "
"of every object type. For example, integer objects are managed differently "
"within the heap than strings, tuples or dictionaries because integers imply "
"different storage requirements and speed/space tradeoffs. The Python memory "
"manager thus delegates some of the work to the object-specific allocators, "
"but ensures that the latter operate within the bounds of the private heap."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:36
msgid ""
"It is important to understand that the management of the Python heap is "
"performed by the interpreter itself and that the user has no control over "
"it, even if they regularly manipulate object pointers to memory blocks "
"inside that heap.  The allocation of heap space for Python objects and other "
"internal buffers is performed on demand by the Python memory manager through "
"the Python/C API functions listed in this document."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:49
msgid ""
"To avoid memory corruption, extension writers should never try to operate on "
"Python objects with the functions exported by the C library: :c:func:"
"`malloc`, :c:func:`calloc`, :c:func:`realloc` and :c:func:`free`.  This will "
"result in  mixed calls between the C allocator and the Python memory manager "
"with fatal consequences, because they implement different algorithms and "
"operate on different heaps.  However, one may safely allocate and release "
"memory blocks with the C library allocator for individual purposes, as shown "
"in the following example::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:58
msgid ""
"PyObject *res;\n"
"char *buf = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZ); /* for I/O */\n"
"\n"
"if (buf == NULL)\n"
"    return PyErr_NoMemory();\n"
"...Do some I/O operation involving buf...\n"
"res = PyBytes_FromString(buf);\n"
"free(buf); /* malloc'ed */\n"
"return res;"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:68
msgid ""
"In this example, the memory request for the I/O buffer is handled by the C "
"library allocator. The Python memory manager is involved only in the "
"allocation of the bytes object returned as a result."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:72
msgid ""
"In most situations, however, it is recommended to allocate memory from the "
"Python heap specifically because the latter is under control of the Python "
"memory manager. For example, this is required when the interpreter is "
"extended with new object types written in C. Another reason for using the "
"Python heap is the desire to *inform* the Python memory manager about the "
"memory needs of the extension module. Even when the requested memory is used "
"exclusively for internal, highly specific purposes, delegating all memory "
"requests to the Python memory manager causes the interpreter to have a more "
"accurate image of its memory footprint as a whole. Consequently, under "
"certain circumstances, the Python memory manager may or may not trigger "
"appropriate actions, like garbage collection, memory compaction or other "
"preventive procedures. Note that by using the C library allocator as shown "
"in the previous example, the allocated memory for the I/O buffer escapes "
"completely the Python memory manager."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:88
msgid ""
"The :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable can be used to configure the "
"memory allocators used by Python."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:91
msgid ""
"The :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOCSTATS` environment variable can be used to print "
"statistics of the :ref:`pymalloc memory allocator <pymalloc>` every time a "
"new pymalloc object arena is created, and on shutdown."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:96
msgid "Allocator Domains"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:100
msgid ""
"All allocating functions belong to one of three different \"domains\" (see "
"also :c:type:`PyMemAllocatorDomain`). These domains represent different "
"allocation strategies and are optimized for different purposes. The specific "
"details on how every domain allocates memory or what internal functions each "
"domain calls is considered an implementation detail, but for debugging "
"purposes a simplified table can be found at :ref:`here <default-memory-"
"allocators>`. The APIs used to allocate and free a block of memory must be "
"from the same domain. For example, :c:func:`PyMem_Free` must be used to free "
"memory allocated using :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:109
msgid "The three allocation domains are:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:111
msgid ""
"Raw domain: intended for allocating memory for general-purpose memory "
"buffers where the allocation *must* go to the system allocator or where the "
"allocator can operate without the :term:`GIL`. The memory is requested "
"directly from the system. See :ref:`Raw Memory Interface <raw-"
"memoryinterface>`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:116
msgid ""
"\"Mem\" domain: intended for allocating memory for Python buffers and "
"general-purpose memory buffers where the allocation must be performed with "
"the :term:`GIL` held. The memory is taken from the Python private heap. See :"
"ref:`Memory Interface <memoryinterface>`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:121
msgid ""
"Object domain: intended for allocating memory for Python objects. The memory "
"is taken from the Python private heap. See :ref:`Object allocators "
"<objectinterface>`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:126
msgid ""
"The :term:`free-threaded <free threading>` build requires that only Python "
"objects are allocated using the \"object\" domain and that all Python "
"objects are allocated using that domain. This differs from the prior Python "
"versions, where this was only a best practice and not a hard requirement."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:130
msgid ""
"For example, buffers (non-Python objects) should be allocated using :c:func:"
"`PyMem_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`, or :c:func:`malloc`, but not :c:"
"func:`PyObject_Malloc`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:133
msgid "See :ref:`Memory Allocation APIs <free-threaded-memory-allocation>`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:139
msgid "Raw Memory Interface"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:141
msgid ""
"The following function sets are wrappers to the system allocator. These "
"functions are thread-safe, the :term:`GIL <global interpreter lock>` does "
"not need to be held."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:145
msgid ""
"The :ref:`default raw memory allocator <default-memory-allocators>` uses the "
"following functions: :c:func:`malloc`, :c:func:`calloc`, :c:func:`realloc` "
"and :c:func:`!free`; call ``malloc(1)`` (or ``calloc(1, 1)``) when "
"requesting zero bytes."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:154 ../../c-api/memory.rst:225
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:335
msgid ""
"Allocates *n* bytes and returns a pointer of type :c:expr:`void*` to the "
"allocated memory, or ``NULL`` if the request fails."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:157
msgid ""
"Requesting zero bytes returns a distinct non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, "
"as if ``PyMem_RawMalloc(1)`` had been called instead. The memory will not "
"have been initialized in any way."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:164 ../../c-api/memory.rst:235
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:345
msgid ""
"Allocates *nelem* elements each whose size in bytes is *elsize* and returns "
"a pointer of type :c:expr:`void*` to the allocated memory, or ``NULL`` if "
"the request fails. The memory is initialized to zeros."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:168
msgid ""
"Requesting zero elements or elements of size zero bytes returns a distinct "
"non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, as if ``PyMem_RawCalloc(1, 1)`` had been "
"called instead."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:177 ../../c-api/memory.rst:248
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:358
msgid ""
"Resizes the memory block pointed to by *p* to *n* bytes. The contents will "
"be unchanged to the minimum of the old and the new sizes."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:180
msgid ""
"If *p* is ``NULL``, the call is equivalent to ``PyMem_RawMalloc(n)``; else "
"if *n* is equal to zero, the memory block is resized but is not freed, and "
"the returned pointer is non-``NULL``."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:184
msgid ""
"Unless *p* is ``NULL``, it must have been returned by a previous call to :c:"
"func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` or :c:func:"
"`PyMem_RawCalloc`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:188
msgid ""
"If the request fails, :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` returns ``NULL`` and *p* "
"remains a valid pointer to the previous memory area."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:194
msgid ""
"Frees the memory block pointed to by *p*, which must have been returned by a "
"previous call to :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc` or :c:"
"func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`.  Otherwise, or if ``PyMem_RawFree(p)`` has been "
"called before, undefined behavior occurs."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:199 ../../c-api/memory.rst:269
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:379
msgid "If *p* is ``NULL``, no operation is performed."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:205
msgid "Memory Interface"
msgstr "記憶體介面"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:207 ../../c-api/memory.rst:315
msgid ""
"The following function sets, modeled after the ANSI C standard, but "
"specifying behavior when requesting zero bytes, are available for allocating "
"and releasing memory from the Python heap."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:211
msgid ""
"The :ref:`default memory allocator <default-memory-allocators>` uses the :"
"ref:`pymalloc memory allocator <pymalloc>`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:216 ../../c-api/memory.rst:330
msgid ""
"The :term:`GIL <global interpreter lock>` must be held when using these "
"functions."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:221
msgid ""
"The default allocator is now pymalloc instead of system :c:func:`malloc`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:228
msgid ""
"Requesting zero bytes returns a distinct non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, "
"as if ``PyMem_Malloc(1)`` had been called instead. The memory will not have "
"been initialized in any way."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:239
msgid ""
"Requesting zero elements or elements of size zero bytes returns a distinct "
"non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, as if ``PyMem_Calloc(1, 1)`` had been "
"called instead."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:251
msgid ""
"If *p* is ``NULL``, the call is equivalent to ``PyMem_Malloc(n)``; else if "
"*n* is equal to zero, the memory block is resized but is not freed, and the "
"returned pointer is non-``NULL``."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:255
msgid ""
"Unless *p* is ``NULL``, it must have been returned by a previous call to :c:"
"func:`PyMem_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` or :c:func:`PyMem_Calloc`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:258
msgid ""
"If the request fails, :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` returns ``NULL`` and *p* "
"remains a valid pointer to the previous memory area."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:264
msgid ""
"Frees the memory block pointed to by *p*, which must have been returned by a "
"previous call to :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc` or :c:func:"
"`PyMem_Calloc`.  Otherwise, or if ``PyMem_Free(p)`` has been called before, "
"undefined behavior occurs."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:271
msgid ""
"The following type-oriented macros are provided for convenience.  Note  that "
"*TYPE* refers to any C type."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:277
msgid ""
"Same as :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`, but allocates ``(n * sizeof(TYPE))`` bytes "
"of memory.  Returns a pointer cast to ``TYPE*``.  The memory will not have "
"been initialized in any way."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:284
msgid ""
"Same as :c:func:`PyMem_Realloc`, but the memory block is resized to ``(n * "
"sizeof(TYPE))`` bytes.  Returns a pointer cast to ``TYPE*``. On return, *p* "
"will be a pointer to the new memory area, or ``NULL`` in the event of "
"failure."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:289
msgid ""
"This is a C preprocessor macro; *p* is always reassigned.  Save the original "
"value of *p* to avoid losing memory when handling errors."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:295
msgid "Same as :c:func:`PyMem_Free`."
msgstr "和 :c:func:`PyMem_Free` 相同。"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:297
msgid ""
"In addition, the following macro sets are provided for calling the Python "
"memory allocator directly, without involving the C API functions listed "
"above. However, note that their use does not preserve binary compatibility "
"across Python versions and is therefore deprecated in extension modules."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:302
msgid "``PyMem_MALLOC(size)``"
msgstr "``PyMem_MALLOC(size)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:303
msgid "``PyMem_NEW(type, size)``"
msgstr "``PyMem_NEW(type, size)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:304
msgid "``PyMem_REALLOC(ptr, size)``"
msgstr "``PyMem_REALLOC(ptr, size)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:305
msgid "``PyMem_RESIZE(ptr, type, size)``"
msgstr "``PyMem_RESIZE(ptr, type, size)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:306
msgid "``PyMem_FREE(ptr)``"
msgstr "``PyMem_FREE(ptr)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:307
msgid "``PyMem_DEL(ptr)``"
msgstr "``PyMem_DEL(ptr)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:313
msgid "Object allocators"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:320
msgid ""
"There is no guarantee that the memory returned by these allocators can be "
"successfully cast to a Python object when intercepting the allocating "
"functions in this domain by the methods described in the :ref:`Customize "
"Memory Allocators <customize-memory-allocators>` section."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:325
msgid ""
"The :ref:`default object allocator <default-memory-allocators>` uses the :"
"ref:`pymalloc memory allocator <pymalloc>`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:338
msgid ""
"Requesting zero bytes returns a distinct non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, "
"as if ``PyObject_Malloc(1)`` had been called instead. The memory will not "
"have been initialized in any way."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:349
msgid ""
"Requesting zero elements or elements of size zero bytes returns a distinct "
"non-``NULL`` pointer if possible, as if ``PyObject_Calloc(1, 1)`` had been "
"called instead."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:361
msgid ""
"If *p* is ``NULL``, the call is equivalent to ``PyObject_Malloc(n)``; else "
"if *n* is equal to zero, the memory block is resized but is not freed, and "
"the returned pointer is non-``NULL``."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:365
msgid ""
"Unless *p* is ``NULL``, it must have been returned by a previous call to :c:"
"func:`PyObject_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` or :c:func:"
"`PyObject_Calloc`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:368
msgid ""
"If the request fails, :c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` returns ``NULL`` and *p* "
"remains a valid pointer to the previous memory area."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:374
msgid ""
"Frees the memory block pointed to by *p*, which must have been returned by a "
"previous call to :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`, :c:func:`PyObject_Realloc` or :c:"
"func:`PyObject_Calloc`.  Otherwise, or if ``PyObject_Free(p)`` has been "
"called before, undefined behavior occurs."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:385
msgid "Default Memory Allocators"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:387
msgid "Default memory allocators:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:390
msgid "Configuration"
msgstr "配置"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:390
msgid "Name"
msgstr "名稱"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:390
msgid "PyMem_RawMalloc"
msgstr "PyMem_RawMalloc"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:390
msgid "PyMem_Malloc"
msgstr "PyMem_Malloc"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:390
msgid "PyObject_Malloc"
msgstr "PyObject_Malloc"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:392
msgid "Release build"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:392
msgid "``\"pymalloc\"``"
msgstr "``\"pymalloc\"``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:392 ../../c-api/memory.rst:394
msgid "``malloc``"
msgstr "``malloc``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:392
msgid "``pymalloc``"
msgstr "``pymalloc``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:393
msgid "Debug build"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:393
msgid "``\"pymalloc_debug\"``"
msgstr "``\"pymalloc_debug\"``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:393 ../../c-api/memory.rst:395
msgid "``malloc`` + debug"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:393
msgid "``pymalloc`` + debug"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:394
msgid "Release build, without pymalloc"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:394
msgid "``\"malloc\"``"
msgstr "``\"malloc\"``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:395
msgid "Debug build, without pymalloc"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:395
msgid "``\"malloc_debug\"``"
msgstr "``\"malloc_debug\"``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:398
msgid "Legend:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:400
msgid "Name: value for :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:401
msgid ""
"``malloc``: system allocators from the standard C library, C functions: :c:"
"func:`malloc`, :c:func:`calloc`, :c:func:`realloc` and :c:func:`free`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:403
msgid "``pymalloc``: :ref:`pymalloc memory allocator <pymalloc>`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:404
msgid ""
"``mimalloc``: :ref:`mimalloc memory allocator <mimalloc>`.  The pymalloc "
"allocator will be used if mimalloc support isn't available."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:406
msgid ""
"\"+ debug\": with :ref:`debug hooks on the Python memory allocators <pymem-"
"debug-hooks>`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:408
msgid "\"Debug build\": :ref:`Python build in debug mode <debug-build>`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:413
msgid "Customize Memory Allocators"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:419
msgid ""
"Structure used to describe a memory block allocator. The structure has the "
"following fields:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:423 ../../c-api/memory.rst:670
msgid "Field"
msgstr "欄位"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:423 ../../c-api/memory.rst:670
msgid "Meaning"
msgstr "意義"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:425 ../../c-api/memory.rst:672
msgid "``void *ctx``"
msgstr "``void *ctx``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:425 ../../c-api/memory.rst:672
msgid "user context passed as first argument"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:427
msgid "``void* malloc(void *ctx, size_t size)``"
msgstr "``void* malloc(void *ctx, size_t size)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:427
msgid "allocate a memory block"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:429
msgid "``void* calloc(void *ctx, size_t nelem, size_t elsize)``"
msgstr "``void* calloc(void *ctx, size_t nelem, size_t elsize)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:429
msgid "allocate a memory block initialized with zeros"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:432
msgid "``void* realloc(void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t new_size)``"
msgstr "``void* realloc(void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t new_size)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:432
msgid "allocate or resize a memory block"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:434
msgid "``void free(void *ctx, void *ptr)``"
msgstr "``void free(void *ctx, void *ptr)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:434
msgid "free a memory block"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:437
msgid ""
"The :c:type:`!PyMemAllocator` structure was renamed to :c:type:"
"`PyMemAllocatorEx` and a new ``calloc`` field was added."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:444
msgid "Enum used to identify an allocator domain. Domains:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:450 ../../c-api/memory.rst:459
#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:468
msgid "Functions:"
msgstr "函式："

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:452
msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:453
msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawRealloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:454
msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawCalloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:455
msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_RawFree`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_RawFree`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:461
msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`,"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`,"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:462
msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_Realloc`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_Realloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:463
msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_Calloc`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_Calloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:464
msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_Free`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyMem_Free`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:470
msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:471
msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Realloc`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Realloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:472
msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Calloc`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Calloc`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:473
msgid ":c:func:`PyObject_Free`"
msgstr ":c:func:`PyObject_Free`"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:477
msgid "Get the memory block allocator of the specified domain."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:482
msgid "Set the memory block allocator of the specified domain."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:484
msgid ""
"The new allocator must return a distinct non-``NULL`` pointer when "
"requesting zero bytes."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:487
msgid ""
"For the :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW` domain, the allocator must be thread-"
"safe: the :term:`GIL <global interpreter lock>` is not held when the "
"allocator is called."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:491
msgid ""
"For the remaining domains, the allocator must also be thread-safe: the "
"allocator may be called in different interpreters that do not share a "
"``GIL``."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:495
msgid ""
"If the new allocator is not a hook (does not call the previous allocator), "
"the :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` function must be called to reinstall the "
"debug hooks on top on the new allocator."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:499
msgid ""
"See also :c:member:`PyPreConfig.allocator` and :ref:`Preinitialize Python "
"with PyPreConfig <c-preinit>`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:504
msgid ":c:func:`PyMem_SetAllocator` does have the following contract:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:506
msgid ""
"It can be called after :c:func:`Py_PreInitialize` and before :c:func:"
"`Py_InitializeFromConfig` to install a custom memory allocator. There are no "
"restrictions over the installed allocator other than the ones imposed by the "
"domain (for instance, the Raw Domain allows the allocator to be called "
"without the GIL held). See :ref:`the section on allocator domains <allocator-"
"domains>` for more information."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:514
msgid ""
"If called after Python has finish initializing (after :c:func:"
"`Py_InitializeFromConfig` has been called) the allocator **must** wrap the "
"existing allocator. Substituting the current allocator for some other "
"arbitrary one is **not supported**."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:519
msgid "All allocators must be thread-safe."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:525
msgid ""
"Setup :ref:`debug hooks in the Python memory allocators <pymem-debug-hooks>` "
"to detect memory errors."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:532
msgid "Debug hooks on the Python memory allocators"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:534
msgid ""
"When :ref:`Python is built in debug mode <debug-build>`, the :c:func:"
"`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` function is called at the :ref:`Python "
"preinitialization <c-preinit>` to setup debug hooks on Python memory "
"allocators to detect memory errors."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:539
msgid ""
"The :envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable can be used to install debug "
"hooks on a Python compiled in release mode (ex: ``PYTHONMALLOC=debug``)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:542
msgid ""
"The :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` function can be used to set debug hooks "
"after calling :c:func:`PyMem_SetAllocator`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:545
msgid ""
"These debug hooks fill dynamically allocated memory blocks with special, "
"recognizable bit patterns. Newly allocated memory is filled with the byte "
"``0xCD`` (``PYMEM_CLEANBYTE``), freed memory is filled with the byte "
"``0xDD`` (``PYMEM_DEADBYTE``). Memory blocks are surrounded by \"forbidden "
"bytes\" filled with the byte ``0xFD`` (``PYMEM_FORBIDDENBYTE``). Strings of "
"these bytes are unlikely to be valid addresses, floats, or ASCII strings."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:552
msgid "Runtime checks:"
msgstr "Runtime 檢查："

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:554
msgid ""
"Detect API violations. For example, detect if :c:func:`PyObject_Free` is "
"called on a memory block allocated by :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:556
msgid "Detect write before the start of the buffer (buffer underflow)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:557
msgid "Detect write after the end of the buffer (buffer overflow)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:558
msgid ""
"Check that the :term:`GIL <global interpreter lock>` is held when allocator "
"functions of :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` (ex: :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`) "
"and :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` (ex: :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`) domains are "
"called."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:563
msgid ""
"On error, the debug hooks use the :mod:`tracemalloc` module to get the "
"traceback where a memory block was allocated. The traceback is only "
"displayed if :mod:`tracemalloc` is tracing Python memory allocations and the "
"memory block was traced."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:568
msgid ""
"Let *S* = ``sizeof(size_t)``. ``2*S`` bytes are added at each end of each "
"block of *N* bytes requested.  The memory layout is like so, where p "
"represents the address returned by a malloc-like or realloc-like function "
"(``p[i:j]`` means the slice of bytes from ``*(p+i)`` inclusive up to "
"``*(p+j)`` exclusive; note that the treatment of negative indices differs "
"from a Python slice):"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:574
msgid "``p[-2*S:-S]``"
msgstr "``p[-2*S:-S]``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:575
msgid ""
"Number of bytes originally asked for.  This is a size_t, big-endian (easier "
"to read in a memory dump)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:577
msgid "``p[-S]``"
msgstr "``p[-S]``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:578
msgid "API identifier (ASCII character):"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:580
msgid "``'r'`` for :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_RAW`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:581
msgid "``'m'`` for :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:582
msgid "``'o'`` for :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:584
msgid "``p[-S+1:0]``"
msgstr "``p[-S+1:0]``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:585
msgid "Copies of PYMEM_FORBIDDENBYTE.  Used to catch under- writes and reads."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:587
msgid "``p[0:N]``"
msgstr "``p[0:N]``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:588
msgid ""
"The requested memory, filled with copies of PYMEM_CLEANBYTE, used to catch "
"reference to uninitialized memory.  When a realloc-like function is called "
"requesting a larger memory block, the new excess bytes are also filled with "
"PYMEM_CLEANBYTE.  When a free-like function is called, these are overwritten "
"with PYMEM_DEADBYTE, to catch reference to freed memory.  When a realloc- "
"like function is called requesting a smaller memory block, the excess old "
"bytes are also filled with PYMEM_DEADBYTE."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:596
msgid "``p[N:N+S]``"
msgstr "``p[N:N+S]``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:597
msgid "Copies of PYMEM_FORBIDDENBYTE.  Used to catch over- writes and reads."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:599
msgid "``p[N+S:N+2*S]``"
msgstr "``p[N+S:N+2*S]``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:600
msgid ""
"Only used if the ``PYMEM_DEBUG_SERIALNO`` macro is defined (not defined by "
"default)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:603
msgid ""
"A serial number, incremented by 1 on each call to a malloc-like or realloc-"
"like function.  Big-endian :c:type:`size_t`.  If \"bad memory\" is detected "
"later, the serial number gives an excellent way to set a breakpoint on the "
"next run, to capture the instant at which this block was passed out.  The "
"static function bumpserialno() in obmalloc.c is the only place the serial "
"number is incremented, and exists so you can set such a breakpoint easily."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:610
msgid ""
"A realloc-like or free-like function first checks that the "
"PYMEM_FORBIDDENBYTE bytes at each end are intact.  If they've been altered, "
"diagnostic output is written to stderr, and the program is aborted via "
"Py_FatalError().  The other main failure mode is provoking a memory error "
"when a program reads up one of the special bit patterns and tries to use it "
"as an address.  If you get in a debugger then and look at the object, you're "
"likely to see that it's entirely filled with PYMEM_DEADBYTE (meaning freed "
"memory is getting used) or PYMEM_CLEANBYTE (meaning uninitialized memory is "
"getting used)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:619
msgid ""
"The :c:func:`PyMem_SetupDebugHooks` function now also works on Python "
"compiled in release mode.  On error, the debug hooks now use :mod:"
"`tracemalloc` to get the traceback where a memory block was allocated. The "
"debug hooks now also check if the GIL is held when functions of :c:macro:"
"`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` and :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` domains are called."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:627
msgid ""
"Byte patterns ``0xCB`` (``PYMEM_CLEANBYTE``), ``0xDB`` (``PYMEM_DEADBYTE``) "
"and ``0xFB`` (``PYMEM_FORBIDDENBYTE``) have been replaced with ``0xCD``, "
"``0xDD`` and ``0xFD`` to use the same values than Windows CRT debug "
"``malloc()`` and ``free()``."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:637
msgid "The pymalloc allocator"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:639
msgid ""
"Python has a *pymalloc* allocator optimized for small objects (smaller or "
"equal to 512 bytes) with a short lifetime. It uses memory mappings called "
"\"arenas\" with a fixed size of either 256 KiB on 32-bit platforms or 1 MiB "
"on 64-bit platforms. It falls back to :c:func:`PyMem_RawMalloc` and :c:func:"
"`PyMem_RawRealloc` for allocations larger than 512 bytes."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:645
msgid ""
"*pymalloc* is the :ref:`default allocator <default-memory-allocators>` of "
"the :c:macro:`PYMEM_DOMAIN_MEM` (ex: :c:func:`PyMem_Malloc`) and :c:macro:"
"`PYMEM_DOMAIN_OBJ` (ex: :c:func:`PyObject_Malloc`) domains."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:649
msgid "The arena allocator uses the following functions:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:651
msgid ":c:func:`!VirtualAlloc` and :c:func:`!VirtualFree` on Windows,"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:652
msgid ":c:func:`!mmap` and :c:func:`!munmap` if available,"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:653
msgid ":c:func:`malloc` and :c:func:`free` otherwise."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:655
msgid ""
"This allocator is disabled if Python is configured with the :option:`--"
"without-pymalloc` option. It can also be disabled at runtime using the :"
"envvar:`PYTHONMALLOC` environment variable (ex: ``PYTHONMALLOC=malloc``)."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:660
msgid "Customize pymalloc Arena Allocator"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:666
msgid ""
"Structure used to describe an arena allocator. The structure has three "
"fields:"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:674
msgid "``void* alloc(void *ctx, size_t size)``"
msgstr "``void* alloc(void *ctx, size_t size)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:674
msgid "allocate an arena of size bytes"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:676
msgid "``void free(void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t size)``"
msgstr "``void free(void *ctx, void *ptr, size_t size)``"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:676
msgid "free an arena"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:681
msgid "Get the arena allocator."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:685
msgid "Set the arena allocator."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:690
msgid "The mimalloc allocator"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:694
msgid ""
"Python supports the mimalloc allocator when the underlying platform support "
"is available. mimalloc \"is a general purpose allocator with excellent "
"performance characteristics. Initially developed by Daan Leijen for the "
"runtime systems of the Koka and Lean languages.\""
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:699
msgid "tracemalloc C API"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:705
msgid "Track an allocated memory block in the :mod:`tracemalloc` module."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:707
msgid ""
"Return ``0`` on success, return ``-1`` on error (failed to allocate memory "
"to store the trace). Return ``-2`` if tracemalloc is disabled."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:710
msgid "If memory block is already tracked, update the existing trace."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:714
msgid ""
"Untrack an allocated memory block in the :mod:`tracemalloc` module. Do "
"nothing if the block was not tracked."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:717
msgid "Return ``-2`` if tracemalloc is disabled, otherwise return ``0``."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:723
msgid "Examples"
msgstr "範例"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:725
msgid ""
"Here is the example from section :ref:`memoryoverview`, rewritten so that "
"the I/O buffer is allocated from the Python heap by using the first function "
"set::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:728
msgid ""
"PyObject *res;\n"
"char *buf = (char *) PyMem_Malloc(BUFSIZ); /* for I/O */\n"
"\n"
"if (buf == NULL)\n"
"    return PyErr_NoMemory();\n"
"/* ...Do some I/O operation involving buf... */\n"
"res = PyBytes_FromString(buf);\n"
"PyMem_Free(buf); /* allocated with PyMem_Malloc */\n"
"return res;"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:738
msgid "The same code using the type-oriented function set::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:740
msgid ""
"PyObject *res;\n"
"char *buf = PyMem_New(char, BUFSIZ); /* for I/O */\n"
"\n"
"if (buf == NULL)\n"
"    return PyErr_NoMemory();\n"
"/* ...Do some I/O operation involving buf... */\n"
"res = PyBytes_FromString(buf);\n"
"PyMem_Del(buf); /* allocated with PyMem_New */\n"
"return res;"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:750
msgid ""
"Note that in the two examples above, the buffer is always manipulated via "
"functions belonging to the same set. Indeed, it is required to use the same "
"memory API family for a given memory block, so that the risk of mixing "
"different allocators is reduced to a minimum. The following code sequence "
"contains two errors, one of which is labeled as *fatal* because it mixes two "
"different allocators operating on different heaps. ::"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:757
msgid ""
"char *buf1 = PyMem_New(char, BUFSIZ);\n"
"char *buf2 = (char *) malloc(BUFSIZ);\n"
"char *buf3 = (char *) PyMem_Malloc(BUFSIZ);\n"
"...\n"
"PyMem_Del(buf3);  /* Wrong -- should be PyMem_Free() */\n"
"free(buf2);       /* Right -- allocated via malloc() */\n"
"free(buf1);       /* Fatal -- should be PyMem_Del()  */"
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:765
msgid ""
"In addition to the functions aimed at handling raw memory blocks from the "
"Python heap, objects in Python are allocated and released with :c:macro:"
"`PyObject_New`, :c:macro:`PyObject_NewVar` and :c:func:`PyObject_Del`."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:769
msgid ""
"These will be explained in the next chapter on defining and implementing new "
"object types in C."
msgstr ""

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:43
msgid "malloc (C function)"
msgstr "malloc（C 函式）"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:43
msgid "calloc (C function)"
msgstr "calloc（C 函式）"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:43
msgid "realloc (C function)"
msgstr "realloc（C 函式）"

#: ../../c-api/memory.rst:43
msgid "free (C function)"
msgstr "free（C 函式）"