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Python code for the book *Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach.*
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Python code for the book *Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach.*
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When complete, this project will cover all the major topics in the book, for each topic, such as `logic`, we will have the following [Python 3.5](https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-350/) files in the main branch:
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-`logic.py`: Implementations of all the pseudocode algorithms in the book.
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-`logic.py`: Implementations of all the pseudocode algorithms in the book.
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-`logic_test.py`: A lightweight test suite, using `assert` statements, designed for use with `py.test`.
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-`logic.ipynb`: A Jupyter notebook, with examples of usage. Does a `from logic import *` to get the code.
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Until we get there, we will support a legacy branch, `aima3python2` (for the third edition of the textbook and for Python 2 code). To prepare code for the new master branch, the following two steps should be taken
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## Port to Python 3; Pythonic Idioms; py.test
@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ There are a few style rules that are unique to this project:
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- The first rule is that the code should correspond directly to the pseudocode in the book. When possible this will be almost one-to-one, just allowing for the syntactic differences between Python and pseudocode, and for different library functions.
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- Don't make a function more complicated than the pseudocode in the book, even if the complication would add a nice feature, or give an efficiency gain. Instead, remain faithful to the pseudocode, and if you must, add a new function (not in the book) with the added feature.
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- I use functional programming (functions with no side effects) in many cases, but not exclusively (sometimes classes and/or functions with side effects are used). Let the book's pseudocode be the guide.
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- I use functional programming (functions with no side effects) in many cases, but not exclusively (sometimes classes and/or functions with side effects are used). Let the book's pseudocode be the guide.
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Beyond the above rules, we use [Pep 8](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008), with a few minor exceptions:
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- I'm not too worried about an occasional line longer than 79 characters.
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- I'm not too worried about an occasional line longer than 79 characters.
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- You don't need two spaces after a sentence-ending period.
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- Strunk and White is [not a good guide for English](http://chronicle.com/article/50-Years-of-Stupid-Grammar/25497).
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- I prefer more concise docstrings; I don't follow [Pep 257](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0257/).
@@ -42,31 +42,27 @@ Beyond the above rules, we use [Pep 8](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008)
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parameter name is already suggestive of the name of a type, such as `url` below, then i don't think the type annotation is useful.
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Return type annotations, such as `-> None` below, can be very useful.
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def retry(url: Url) -> None:
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def retry(url: Url) -> None:
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# Choice of Programming Languages
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Are we right to concentrate on Java and Python versions of the code? I think so; both languages are popular; Java is
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fast enough for our purposes, and has reasonable type declarations (but can be verbose); Python is popular and has a very direct mapping to the pseudocode in the book (ut lacks type declarations and can be solw). The [TIOBE Index](http://www.tiobe.com/tiobe_index) says the top five most popular languages are:
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Java, C, C++, C#, Python
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So it might be reasonable to also support C++/C# at some point in the future. It might also be reasonable to support a language that combines the terse readability of Python with the type safety and speed of Java; perhaps Go or Julia. And finally, Javascript is the language of the browser; it would be nice to have code that runs in the browser, in Javascript or a variant such as Typescript.
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There is also a `aima-lisp` project; in 1995 when we wrote the first edition of the book, Lisp was the right choice, but today it is less popular.
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What languages are instructors recommending for their AI class? To get an approximate idea, I gave the query <tt>[norvig russell "Modern Approach"](https://www.google.com/webhp#q=russell%20norvig%20%22modern%20approach%22%20java)</tt> along with the names of various languages and looked at the estimated counts of results on
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various dates. However, I don't have much confidence in these figures...
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