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* Add `/Zc:externC` compiler option doc, fix 1594
* Tweaks.
* Fix links, header syntax issues
* Fix issues in XML Docs reference
* Make list match apparently intended style
* Fix broken link.
* Add docs for new check
Signed-off-by: Kyle Reed <[email protected]>
* fix toc
* remove .md from toc title
* Revert "Add docs for new linter check"
* update runtime spelling
* Bulk fix: remove HTML entities from yml headers (MicrosoftDocs#3962)
* Style and content fixes in cpp language docs
* Changing confusing wording about C++ exceptions
* Bulk fix HTML entities in H1 (MicrosoftDocs#3966)
* Fix lt-gt entity pairs
* Bulk fix of `<`-`>` pairs in H1 headings
* Oops, deleted initial `#`
* Fix two more H1 issues
* update with existing .openpublishing.publish.config.json
* C++ tutorial landing page, attempt 2
* Revert redirection of get-started index.yml file
* Fix typo
* Bulk fix `<`, `>`, and `.period;` entities
* operatoroperator
* `/hotpatch`: No jump to the first instruction
* Update Acrolinx for main branch
* Change learn about item type
* Add get started TOC
* fix over machine translation problems (MicrosoftDocs#3977)
* fix over machine translation problems
* acrolinx and misses
* markdown fixes
Co-authored-by: TylerMSFT <[email protected]>
* Make the grammar bot happy
* Fix things that look like parameters. (#3978)
* Fix things that look like parameters.
* Acrolinxy
* Misc fixes
* Other fixes
* Fix typos
* Acrolinx some more
* [17.0] Update links to download Visual Studio (MicrosoftDocs#3981)
* Update links to download Visual Studio
* Remove VS 2019 reference
* Address cpp-docs 3565
* Also cpp-docs 439
* cpp-docs 947
* cpp-docs 1002
* accuratized
* cpp-docs 1035
* Twhitney named modules (#3960)
* draft
* draft
* draft
* fix links
* cleanup
* added some more info
* add some see also references
* cleanup pass
* remove text about overloads
* tech review
* little better wording
* a little more word smithing
* fix link
* acrolinx
* readthrough pass
* Readthrough to test building the project
* acrolinx
* rename media file
Co-authored-by: TylerMSFT <[email protected]>
* cpp-docs 1305
* cpp-docs 1324
* address github issue #3524 and add code escape to prevent over machine translation
* missed a couple escapes
* couple more code escapes
* one more escape
* Address cpp-docs 3583: LNK1107 clarity
* Tweaks
* tweak formatting
* Expand on fix for cpp-docs 1035 (#3986)
* Expand of fix for cpp-docs 1035
* Mention overloads.
* Grammar and formatting fixes
* add summary of what will learn in module
* [17.1p2] Add docs for comparison/bitwise c++ linter check. (MicrosoftDocs#3964)
* Revert "Revert "Add docs for new linter check""
This reverts commit e56971f.
* PR feedback
Signed-off-by: Kyle Reed <[email protected]>
* Update cmake-presets-vs.md
* Update cmake-presets-vs.md
* Switch http to https and fix broken links
* Acrolinx
* Style pass for the grammar checker bot
* Fix two incorrect conditions in the ARM packed exception handling
For the prologue, the distinction between `mov r11, sp` and
`add r11, sp, #xx` lies only in whether other registers are pushed
before R11 and LR in prologue instruction 2. (The condition
`R`==1 and `PF`==0 corresponds to no other registers pushed before
`r11`.) The `L` flag doesn't affect it (and the documentation explicit
says that when `C` is set, then `L` also must be set, thus `C`==1
and `L`==0 is tautological too).
This was correctly described in the textual form, but the conditions
in the table included one erronous case.
For the epilogue, when `Ret`!=0, the function doesn't return by
popping LR directly into PC, but with an explicit branch instruction
(10a or 10b). In this case, if `L`==1, the LR register is included
in the list of registers popped in instruction 8. If register
homing is used (`H`==1), then instruction 9a is used instead of 9b.
This case seemed to have been overlooked both in the textual
description and in the table.
Also, when prologue instruction form 3a is used, clarify that
it corresponds to the unwind code FB (narrow nop) only, that unwinding
such a prologue doesn't restore `sp` from `r11`.
Also fix a typo and clarify that encodings with C=1, L=0 are
invalid.
* Address cpp-docs 3588 error in link commands (#3996)
* Address cpp-docs 3588 error in link commands
* Update ms.date
* Acrolinx fixes to frontrun cpp-docs 3541
* Post-3541 acrolinx pass
* Update how-to-marshal-structures-using-cpp-interop.md
Change "=" into "-"
* Add _CountOneBits[64] to the ARM64 intrinsic doc
* Update .acrolinx-config.edn
update to reflect default branch name change
* Mark first code block as C++
Syntax highlighting did not work for the `using identifier = type;` block due to missing language information.
* Fixed grammatical error in allocator-class.md
"Constructing a container with a custom allocator provide control over allocation and freeing of that container's elements." -> "Constructing a container with a custom allocator provides control over allocation and freeing of that container's elements."
* Update d-using-the-schedule-clause.md
* Correct a word in the remarks of /DIRECTIVES.
The section is .drectve instead of .drective.
* std::is_standard_layout<Derived>
* Make meaning clearer
This makes the meaning clearer to me. The ". Or," seems like to strong of a separator for closely related phrases.
* Update value-types-modern-cpp.md
Commas to make the meaning clearer
* add missing usage of CopyChars
* update json examples (#4017)
* update json examples
* acrolinx
Co-authored-by: TylerMSFT <[email protected]>
* fix github issue #3600
* formatting cleanup and acrolinx
* Address cpp-docs issues 3601 3622 3626
* Update deprecating-types-and-members-c-cx.md
* PR review edit / relative link syntax
* add code escape to prevent overtranslation
* fix missed code elements and acrolinx
* more cleanup
* github fixes for #3635 and #3636 (MicrosoftDocs#4026)
* github fixes for #3635 and #3636
* acrolinx and cleanup
* nit
Co-authored-by: TylerMSFT <[email protected]>
* Update windows-store-apps-the-windows-runtime-and-the-c-run-time.md
* Broken link fixed (MicrosoftDocs#4025)
* Implement intrinics broken link fixes (MicrosoftDocs#4028)
* Update deprecating-types-and-members-c-cx.md
Add code formatting to links to prevent overlocalization and markdown processing issues.
* Update windows-store-apps-the-windows-runtime-and-the-c-run-time.md
* Follow-up cpp-docs 3637 for style and Acrolinx
* [17.0] Add compiler option `/option:strict` (MicrosoftDocs#4002)
* edit pass (#4035)
* edit pass
* acrolinx
* acrolinx
* minor edits
Co-authored-by: TylerMSFT <[email protected]>
* Fix non-blocking issues identified in MicrosoftDocs#4032
* Correct & complete REP* keywords in Prefix table
* US1907300 - add md code escapes to code elements
* US1907300 - add md code escapes to code elements - PR2
* updates after review
* US1907300 - add md code escapes to code elements - PR2
* US1907300 - add md code escapes to code elements - PR3
* update after review
* Add note about `_CRT_DECLARE_NONSTDC_NAMES`
With `/c11` and `/c17` properly defining `__STDC__`, users may encounter that the POSIX functions they are relying on are no longer exposed. This was always the case with `/Za` but is now also visible with the standard C versions.
* Update CComHeap for style, Acrolinx issue (MicrosoftDocs#3963)
* Add links and make grammar checker happy
* US1907300 - add md code escapes to code elements - PR3
* update after review
* [17.1p3] /Zc:static_assert compiler option (#4001)
* US1907300 - add md code escapes to code elements - PR3
* fix blocking issues
* fix acrolinx issue
Co-authored-by: Colin Robertson <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Colin Cooper <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Paula Miller <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Kyle Reed <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: opbld15 <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: John Ellison <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: TylerMSFT <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Hannes Harnisch <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: opbld16 <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Anna Huff <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Ying Hua <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Alex Guteniev <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: opbld17 <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Dennis Rea <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Tyler Whitney <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Laura Brenner <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: PRMerger3 <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: PRMerger18 <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: PRMerger Service account 2 <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Jonathan Sweemer <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Martin Storsjö <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Kristine Toliver <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: AndreaLu <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Matt Gardner <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Sarah Vilaysom <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Matthias <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: James Oswald <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Anton Curmanschii <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: ROOOO <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: luozhiya <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Zane Hitchcox <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Chris Ho <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Haig MacGregor <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: PRMerger5 <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Jaiganesh Kumaran <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Jak Koke <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: atikmapari <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Linda Spiller <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: tjs137 <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Craig Casey <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Elnar Dakeshov <[email protected]>
Gets a line from the `stdin` stream. More secure versions of these functions are available; see [gets_s, _getws_s](../c-runtime-library/reference/gets-s-getws-s.md).
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Gets a line from the `stdin` stream. More secure versions of these functions are available; see [`gets_s`, `_getws_s`](../c-runtime-library/reference/gets-s-getws-s.md).
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> These functions are obsolete. Beginning in Visual Studio 2015, they are not available in the CRT. The secure versions of these functions, gets_s and _getws_s, are still available. For information on these alternative functions, see [gets_s, _getws_s](../c-runtime-library/reference/gets-s-getws-s.md).
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> These functions are obsolete. Beginning in Visual Studio 2015, they are not available in the CRT. The secure versions of these functions, `gets_s` and `_getws_s`, are still available. For information on these alternative functions, see [`gets_s`, `_getws_s`](../c-runtime-library/reference/gets-s-getws-s.md).
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> This API cannot be used in applications that execute in the Windows Runtime. For more information, see [CRT functions not supported in Universal Windows Platform apps](../cppcx/crt-functions-not-supported-in-universal-windows-platform-apps.md).
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#### Parameters
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*buffer*<br/>
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*`buffer`*\
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Storage location for input string.
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## Return Value
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Returns its argument if successful. A **NULL** pointer indicates an error or end-of-file condition. Use [ferror](../c-runtime-library/reference/ferror.md) or [feof](../c-runtime-library/reference/feof.md) to determine which one has occurred. If `buffer` is **NULL**, these functions invoke an invalid parameter handler, as described in [Parameter Validation](../c-runtime-library/parameter-validation.md). If execution is allowed to continue, these functions return **NULL** and set errno to `EINVAL`.
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Returns its argument if successful. A **`NULL`** pointer indicates an error or end-of-file condition. Use [`ferror`](../c-runtime-library/reference/ferror.md) or [`feof`](../c-runtime-library/reference/feof.md) to determine which one has occurred. If `buffer` is **`NULL`**, these functions invoke an invalid parameter handler, as described in [Parameter Validation](../c-runtime-library/parameter-validation.md). If execution is allowed to continue, these functions return **`NULL`** and set `errno` to `EINVAL`.
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## Remarks
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The `gets` function reads a line from the standard input stream `stdin` and stores it in `buffer`. The line consists of all characters up to and including the first newline character ('\n'). `gets` then replaces the newline character with a null character ('\0') before returning the line. In contrast, the `fgets` function retains the newline character. `_getws` is a wide-character version of `gets`; its argument and return value are wide-character strings.
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> Because there is no way to limit the number of characters read by gets, untrusted input can easily cause buffer overruns. Use `fgets` instead.
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> Because there is no way to limit the number of characters read by `gets`, untrusted input can easily cause buffer overruns. Use `fgets` instead.
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In C++, these functions have template overloads that invoke the newer, secure counterparts of these functions. For more information, see [Secure Template Overloads](../c-runtime-library/secure-template-overloads.md).
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|Routine|Required header|
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|-------------|---------------------|
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|`gets`|\<stdio.h>|
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|`_getws`|\<stdio.h> or \<wchar.h>|
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|`gets`|`<stdio.h>`|
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|`_getws`|`<stdio.h>` or `<wchar.h>`|
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For additional compatibility information, see [Compatibility](../c-runtime-library/compatibility.md).
Copy file name to clipboardExpand all lines: docs/c-runtime-library/reference/execl.md
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topic_type: ["apiref"]
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f1_keywords: ["execl"]
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helpviewer_keywords: ["execl function"]
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ms.assetid: 10f24c52-7ff5-4a61-abcb-fce6d9553f23
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---
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# execl
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# `execl`
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The Microsoft-implemented POSIX function name `execl` is a deprecated alias for the [_execl](execl-wexecl.md) function. By default, it generates [Compiler warning (level 3) C4996](../../error-messages/compiler-warnings/compiler-warning-level-3-c4996.md). The name is deprecated because it doesn't follow the Standard C rules for implementation-specific names. However, the function is still supported.
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The Microsoft-implemented POSIX function name `execl` is a deprecated alias for the [`_execl`](execl-wexecl.md) function. By default, it generates [Compiler warning (level 3) C4996](../../error-messages/compiler-warnings/compiler-warning-level-3-c4996.md). The name is deprecated because it doesn't follow the Standard C rules for implementation-specific names. However, the function is still supported.
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We recommend you use [_execl](execl-wexecl.md) instead. Or, you can continue to use this function name, and disable the warning. For more information, see [Turn off the warning](../../error-messages/compiler-warnings/compiler-warning-level-3-c4996.md#turn-off-the-warning) and [POSIX function names](../../error-messages/compiler-warnings/compiler-warning-level-3-c4996.md#posix-function-names).
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We recommend you use [`_execl`](execl-wexecl.md) instead. Or, you can continue to use this function name, and disable the warning. For more information, see [Turn off the warning](../../error-messages/compiler-warnings/compiler-warning-level-3-c4996.md#turn-off-the-warning) and [POSIX function names](../../error-messages/compiler-warnings/compiler-warning-level-3-c4996.md#posix-function-names).
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> [!IMPORTANT]
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> This API cannot be used in applications that execute in the Windows Runtime. For more information, see [CRT functions not supported in Universal Windows Platform apps](../../cppcx/crt-functions-not-supported-in-universal-windows-platform-apps.md).
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### Parameters
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*x*\
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*`x`*\
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Angle in radians.
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## Return value
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The **sin** functions return the sine of *x*. If *x* is greater than or equal to 263, or less than or equal to -263, a loss of significance in the result occurs.
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The **`sin`** functions return the sine of *`x`*. If *`x`* is greater than or equal to 263, or less than or equal to -263, a loss of significance in the result occurs.
For more information about return codes, see [errno, _doserrno, _sys_errlist, and _sys_nerr](../../c-runtime-library/errno-doserrno-sys-errlist-and-sys-nerr.md).
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For more information about return codes, see [`errno`, `_doserrno`, `_sys_errlist`, and `_sys_nerr`](../../c-runtime-library/errno-doserrno-sys-errlist-and-sys-nerr.md).
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## Remarks
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Because C++ allows overloading, you can call overloads of **sin** that take and return **`float`** or **`long double`** values. In a C program, unless you're using the \<tgmath.h> macro to call this function, **sin** always takes and returns **`double`**.
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Because C++ allows overloading, you can call overloads of **`sin`** that take and return **`float`** or **`long double`** values. In a C program, unless you're using the `<tgmath.h>` macro to call this function, **`sin`** always takes and returns **`double`**.
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If you use the \<tgmath.h> `sin()` macro, the type of the argument determines which version of the function is selected. See [Type-generic math](../../c-runtime-library/tgmath.md) for details.
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If you use the `<tgmath.h> sin()` macro, the type of the argument determines which version of the function is selected. See [Type-generic math](../../c-runtime-library/tgmath.md) for details.
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By default, this function's global state is scoped to the application. To change this, see [Global state in the CRT](../global-state.md).
Because C++ allows overloading, you can call overloads of **sqrt** that take **`float`** or **`long double`** types. In a C program, unless you're using the \<tgmath.h> macro to call this function, **sqrt** always takes and returns **`double`**.
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Because C++ allows overloading, you can call overloads of **`sqrt`** that take **`float`** or **`long double`** types. In a C program, unless you're using the `<tgmath.h>` macro to call this function, **`sqrt`** always takes and returns **`double`**.
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If you use the \<tgmath.h> `sqrt()` macro, the type of the argument determines which version of the function is selected. See [Type-generic math](../../c-runtime-library/tgmath.md) for details.
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If you use the `<tgmath.h> sqrt()` macro, the type of the argument determines which version of the function is selected. See [Type-generic math](../../c-runtime-library/tgmath.md) for details.
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By default, this function's global state is scoped to the application. To change this, see [Global state in the CRT](../global-state.md).
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## Return Value
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The **sqrt** functions return the square-root of *x*. By default, if *x* is negative, **sqrt** returns an indefinite NaN.
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The **`sqrt`** functions return the square-root of *`x`*. By default, if *`x`* is negative, **`sqrt`** returns an indefinite `NaN`.
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