{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:47:39Z","timestamp":1787730459380,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We propose a model for solving a parcel delivery problem with a fleet of trucks embedded with drones. When appropriate, drones are loaded with a parcel, launched directly from the truck, and sent to a client. Afterward, the drones autonomously return to the truck to be replenished and recharged. Inspired by the case of a large European logistics provider, the proposed modeling framework confronts realistic delivery problems involving time windows, limited drone autonomy, and the eligibility of clients to be served by drones. The considered global cost function includes fixed daily vehicle fares, driver wages, and the fuel and electricity consumption to power trucks and drones. To solve the problems at hand, we propose a mixed\u2010integer linear programming formulation and an adaptive large neighborhood search. Moreover, we introduce an efficient modeling framework to manage the numerous synchronization constraints induced by the simultaneous use of trucks and drones. We analyze the benefits of this new transportation concept for delivery problems involving up to 100 parcels. Results show that truck\u2010and\u2010drone solutions can reduce costs up to 34% compared to traditional truck\u2010only delivery. From a managerial perspective, we show that a certain percentage of client locations must be reachable by drone to make truck\u2010and\u2010drone solutions competitive (i.e., if the fixed costs of the drones are compensated for by the savings on truck routes) and compare the cost structures of truck\u2010and\u2010drone versus truck\u2010only solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/net.22019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]],"date-time":"2021-02-05T01:57:48Z","timestamp":1612490268000},"page":"400-420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Parcel delivery cost minimization with time window constraints using trucks and drones"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Marc\u2010Antoine","family":"Coindreau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"HEC Lausanne Department of Operations \u2010 University of Lausanne  CH\u20101015 Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7808-3668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Gallay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HEC Lausanne Department of Operations \u2010 University of Lausanne  CH\u20101015 Lausanne Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Zufferey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geneva School of Economics and Management GSEM\u00a0\u2013\u00a0University of Geneva  CH\u20101211 Geneva 4 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.2017.0791"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Amazon Unmanned aerial vehicles in logistics 2016 available athttps:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Amazon\u2010Prime\u2010Air\/b?ie=UTF8&node=8037720011."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2011.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/net.21864"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/net.21847"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2018.05.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2017.2824"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Shortest\u2010path feasibility algorithms: An experimental evaluation","volume":"14","author":"Cherkassky B. 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P.Pugliese F.Guerriero Last\u2010mile deliveries by using drones and classical vehicles Proceedings of the International Conference on Optimization and Decision Science Springer New York NY 2017. pp. 557\u2013565.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67308-0_56"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2019.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1287\/ijoc.4.2.146"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2019.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2019.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-49481-2_30"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2016.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11590-016-1035-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trb.2019.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","unstructured":"M.Wohlsen The next big thing you missed: Amazon's delivery drones could work\u2013they just need trucks available athttps:\/\/www.wired.com\/2014\/06\/the\u2010next\u2010big\u2010thing\u2010you\u2010missed\u2010delivery\u2010drones\u2010launched\u2010from\u2010trucks\u2010are\u2010the\u2010future\u2010of\u2010shipping."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2018.04.009"}],"container-title":["Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/net.22019","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/net.22019","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/net.22019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T08:32:18Z","timestamp":1693211538000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/net.22019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/net.22019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/net.22019","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-3045","1097-0037"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-3045","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0037","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-10-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}