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To conserve the energy dissipation of nodes spent in data routing, the paper attempts to take advantage of the two opportunities: (a) the impact of the relative positions of wireless nodes to the base station on the energy efficiency of the routing chain within each cluster; (b) the effect of the varying\u2010sized chains on the selection rule of cluster heads (CHs). To establish an energy\u2010efficient chain to connect all the nodes in a cluster, the paper proposes a<jats:italic>principal vector projection<\/jats:italic>approach, which takes into account both the position of each node and that of the base station, to determine the order to which a node can be linked into the chain in order to reduce the energy requirement of the chain. Since the CH selection rules in the concentric chains are mutually independent, solely based on their self\u2010cluster sizes, the multi\u2010hop path passing through all the CHs will consist of longer links and thus consume a significant fraction of the total energy. Thus, in order to suppress the effect of the unequal cluster sizes on decreasing the energy efficiency of the multi\u2010hop path of CHs, the paper offers an<jats:italic>average\u2010cluster\u2010size\u2010based rule<\/jats:italic>(ACSB) for each cluster in order to adapt the CH selection with both the number of active nodes in the current cluster and the average value of all cluster sizes. With these two proposed schemes, an adaptive concentric chain\u2010based routing algorithm is proposed which enables nodes to collaboratively reduce the energy dissipation incurred in gathering sensory data. By computer simulation, the results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs better than other similar protocols in terms of energy saved and lifetime increased capabilities for WSNs which deploy random sensor nodes. Copyright \u00a9 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/wcm.1001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,6]],"date-time":"2010-07-06T17:22:23Z","timestamp":1278436943000},"page":"631-651","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Adaptive concentric chains protocol for energy efficient routing in wireless sensor 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