{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T11:51:53Z","timestamp":1776253913971,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Expert Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the environmental security monitoring of smart cities, the infrared and visible image fusion method deployed on intelligent systems based on cloud and fog computing plays a vital role in providing enhanced images for target detection systems. However, the fusion quality can be significantly influenced by the illumination of the monitoring scenario in visible images. Therefore, conventional methods typically suffer a severe performance drop under the condition of insufficient illumination. To tackle this issue, we propose an illumination enhancement and target\u2010aware fusion method\u2010based on artificial intelligence, which breaks the boundaries between the task of illumination enhancement and image fusion and provide a fusion result with better visual perception in nighttime scene. Specifically, we use a light\u2010weight contrast enhancement module restore the brightness of the visible image. Moreover, a Swin Transformer\u2010based backbone network is utilized to facilitate information exchange between the source images and enhance the capabilities of target awareness. Finally, the fused images are reconstructed by the contrast\u2010texture retention module and reconstructor. The extensive experiments indicate that the proposed approach achieves improved performance both in human perception and quantitative analysis compared with the state\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/exsy.13538","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T23:35:36Z","timestamp":1705707336000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<scp>IETAFusion<\/scp>: An illumination enhancement and target\u2010aware infrared and visible image fusion network for security system of smart city"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8088-7161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuang","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seunggil","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flagship R&amp;D Team 1, Mobile Communications Business Samsung Electronics  Suwon\u2010si South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.19.008444"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2016.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ICA-2005-12201"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2018.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2019.08.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho S.\u2010J. Ji S.\u2010W. Hong J.\u2010P. Jung S.\u2010W. &Ko S.\u2010J.(2021).Rethinking coarse\u2010to\u2010fine approach in single image deblurring. InProceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision(pp. 4641\u20134650).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.00460"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2021.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jia X. Zhu C. Li M. Tang W. &Zhou W.(2021).Llvip: A visible\u2010infrared paired dataset for low\u2010light vision. InProceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision(pp. 3496\u20133504).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW54120.2021.00389"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2020.3022438"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2887342"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2020.3005230"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2021.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2020.2997127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219691318500182"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2014.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2020.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2016.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2018.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JAS.2022.105686"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2021.3075747","article-title":"Stdfusionnet: An infrared and visible image fusion network based on salient target detection","volume":"70","author":"Ma J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.2977573"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2018.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2017.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma L. Ma T. Liu R. Fan X. &Luo Z.(2022).Toward fast flexible and robust low\u2010light image enhancement. InProceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition(pp. 5637\u20135646).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00555"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2022.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2022.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","unstructured":"Wei C. Wang W. Yang W. &Liu J.(2018).Deep retinex decomposition for low\u2010light enhancement.arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.04560."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu W. Weng J. Zhang P. Wang X. Yang W. &Jiang J.(2022).Uretinex\u2010net: Retinex\u2010based deep unfolding network for low\u2010light image enhancement. InProceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition(pp. 5901\u20135910).","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00581"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCI.2021.3100986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2020.2981922"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","unstructured":"Zhang F. Shao Y. Sun Y. Zhu K. Gao C. &Sang N.(2021).Unsupervised low\u2010light image enhancement via histogram equalization prior.arXiv preprint arXiv:2112.01766."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-021-01501-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.OE.52.5.057006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang Y. Zhang J. &Guo X.(2019).Kindling the darkness: A practical low\u2010light image enhancer. InProceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Multimedia(pp. 1632\u20131640).","DOI":"10.1145\/3343031.3350926"}],"container-title":["Expert Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/exsy.13538","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T07:01:23Z","timestamp":1755586883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/exsy.13538"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/exsy.13538"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/exsy.13538","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0266-4720","1468-0394"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0266-4720","type":"print"},{"value":"1468-0394","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13538"}}