{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:40:43Z","timestamp":1760143243907,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Lausanne University Gold Open Access Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: The peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) is commonly used in medicine. The tip position was shown to be a major determinant in PICC function and related complications. Recent advances in ECG guidance might facilitate daily practice. This study aimed to compare two ECG techniques, in terms of their tip-position accuracy, puncture site layout, and signal quality; (2) Methods: This randomized open study (1:1) included 320 participants. One PICC guidance technique used ECG signal transmission with saline (ST); the other technique used a guidewire (WT). Techniques were compared by the distance between the catheter tip and the cavoatrial junction (DCAJ) on chest X-rays, insertion-point hemostasis time, and the extracorporeal catheter length between the hub and the insertion point; (3) Results: The mean DCAJs were significantly different between ST (1.36 cm, 95% CI: 1.22\u20131.37) and WT (1.12 cm, 95% CI: 0.98\u20131.25; p = 0.013) groups. When DCAJs were classified as optimal, suboptimal, or inadequate, the difference between techniques had limited clinical impact (p = 0.085). However, the hemostasis time at the puncture site was significantly better with WT (no delay in 82% of patients) compared to ST (no delay in 50% of patients; p &lt; 0.001). Conversely, ST achieved optimal and suboptimal extracorporeal lengths significantly more frequently than WT (100% vs. 66%; p &lt; 0.001); (4) Conclusions: ECG guidance technologies achieved significantly different tip placements, but the difference had minimal clinical impact. Nevertheless, each technique displayed an important drawback at the PICC insertion point: the extracorporeal catheter was significantly longer with WT and the hemostasis delay was significantly longer with ST.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s24030894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T12:06:58Z","timestamp":1706616418000},"page":"894","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of ECG Saline-Conduction Technique and ECG Wire-Based Technique for Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Insertion: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9222-0622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Gullo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lausanne University Hospital, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9053-9434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Frossard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lausanne University Hospital, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana\u00efs","family":"Colin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lausanne University Hospital, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1330-660X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salah Dine","family":"Qanadli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland"},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit, Riviera-Chablais Hospital, 1847 Rennaz, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1504","article-title":"Intraarterielle Therapie","volume":"49","year":"1912","journal-title":"Berl. 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