SpringBoot使用RestTemplate示例(微服务中多实例、负载均衡服务)

原创已于 2022-11-21 22:19:21 修改 · 820 阅读

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于 2021-09-20 21:33:43 首次发布

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本文介绍如何利用Spring Boot中的RestTemplate实现与远程服务的HTTP交互，包括构造URI、发送GET和POST请求、处理响应及复杂的泛型解析等。同时展示了自定义序列化和反序列化方法，并提供了完整的代码示例。

常用方法

构造URI

@SpringBootApplication
@Slf4j
public class CustomerServiceApplication implements ApplicationRunner {
	@Autowired
	private RestTemplate restTemplate;

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new SpringApplicationBuilder()
				.sources(CustomerServiceApplication.class)
				.bannerMode(Banner.Mode.OFF)
				.web(WebApplicationType.NONE)
				.run(args);
	}

	@Bean
	public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
//		return new RestTemplate();
		return builder.build();
	}

	@Override
	public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
		URI uri = UriComponentsBuilder
				.fromUriString("http://localhost:8080/coffee/{id}")
				.build(1);
		ResponseEntity<Coffee> c = restTemplate.getForEntity(uri, Coffee.class);
		log.info("Response Status: {}, Response Headers: {}", c.getStatusCode(), c.getHeaders().toString());
		log.info("Coffee: {}", c.getBody());

		String coffeeUri = "http://localhost:8080/coffee/";
		Coffee request = Coffee.builder()
				.name("Americano")
				.price(BigDecimal.valueOf(25.00))
				.build();
		Coffee response = restTemplate.postForObject(coffeeUri, request, Coffee.class);
		log.info("New Coffee: {}", response);

		String s = restTemplate.getForObject(coffeeUri, String.class);
		log.info("String: {}", s);
	}
}

复杂用法之泛型解析

@SpringBootApplication
@Slf4j
public class CustomerServiceApplication implements ApplicationRunner {
	@Autowired
	private RestTemplate restTemplate;

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new SpringApplicationBuilder()
				.sources(CustomerServiceApplication.class)
				.bannerMode(Banner.Mode.OFF)
				.web(WebApplicationType.NONE)
				.run(args);
	}

	@Bean
	public RestTemplate restTemplate(RestTemplateBuilder builder) {
//		return new RestTemplate();
		return builder.build();
	}

	@Override
	public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
		URI uri = UriComponentsBuilder
				.fromUriString("http://localhost:8080/coffee/?name={name}")
				.build("mocha");
		RequestEntity<Void> req = RequestEntity.get(uri)
				.accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML)
				.build();
		ResponseEntity<String> resp = restTemplate.exchange(req, String.class);
		log.info("Response Status: {}, Response Headers: {}", resp.getStatusCode(), resp.getHeaders().toString());
		log.info("Coffee: {}", resp.getBody());

		String coffeeUri = "http://localhost:8080/coffee/";
		Coffee request = Coffee.builder()
				.name("Americano")
				.price(Money.of(CurrencyUnit.of("CNY"), 25.00))
				.build();
		Coffee response = restTemplate.postForObject(coffeeUri, request, Coffee.class);
		log.info("New Coffee: {}", response);

		ParameterizedTypeReference<List<Coffee>> ptr =
				new ParameterizedTypeReference<List<Coffee>>() {};
		ResponseEntity<List<Coffee>> list = restTemplate
				.exchange(coffeeUri, HttpMethod.GET, null, ptr);
		list.getBody().forEach(c -> log.info("Coffee: {}", c));
	}
}

反序列化

@JsonComponent
public class MoneyDeserializer extends StdDeserializer<Money> {
    protected MoneyDeserializer() {
        super(Money.class);
    }

    @Override
    public Money deserialize(JsonParser p, DeserializationContext ctxt) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
        return Money.of(CurrencyUnit.of("CNY"), p.getDecimalValue());
    }
}

序列化

@JsonComponent
public class MoneySerializer extends StdSerializer<Money> {
    protected MoneySerializer() {
        super(Money.class);
    }

    @Override
    public void serialize(Money money, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializerProvider) throws IOException {
        jsonGenerator.writeNumber(money.getAmount());
    }
}

@Data
@Builder
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Coffee implements Serializable {
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private Money price;
    private Date createTime;
    private Date updateTime;
}

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.1.3.RELEASE</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>geektime.spring.springbucks</groupId>
	<artifactId>customer-service</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>customer-service</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.joda</groupId>
			<artifactId>joda-money</artifactId>
			<version>1.0.1</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
			<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
			<optional>true</optional>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>

</project>