【C++】【数据结构】带有头节点的链表 + 反转链表的实现

本文介绍了使用C++实现链表的基本操作，包括创建、插入、删除元素以及反转链表。提供了完整的代码实现，并展示了反转链表的运行结果。文章还提及了LeetCode的反转链表问题，讨论了不同反转方法。

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“Being on sea, sail; being on land, settle.”

2020.10.04
今天重新整理了数据结构中链表的有关功能及实现，附加完成了带有头节点版本的反转链表。
LeetCode.206 反转链表: 题目.

所有代码如下：
鉴于可读性的原因，所有变量中的英文单词未采用缩写。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template<class T>
struct Node
{
    T data;         //数据域
    Node<T>* next;  //指针域

    Node(){};
    Node(T data){this->data = data;};
};

template<class T>
class LinkedList
{
    private:
        Node<T>* firstNode;
        int listSize;

    public:
        LinkedList(int initialCapacity = 10);

        bool isEmpty() {return listSize == 0;}
        int size() {return listSize;}
        T getElement(int index);
        void erase(int index);
        void insert(int index, T element);
        void reverseLinkedList();
        void print();
};

template<class T>
LinkedList<T>::LinkedList(int initialCapacity)
{
    firstNode = new Node<T>();
    firstNode->next = NULL;
    listSize = initialCapacity;
    Node<T>* p = firstNode;
    for(int i = 0; i < initialCapacity; i++)
    {
        T element;
        cout<<"Enter the element :"<<endl;
        cin >> element;
        Node<T>* node = new Node<T>(element);
        p->next = node;
        p = node;
    }
    p->next = NULL;
}

template<class T>
T LinkedList<T>::getElement(int index)
{//假定index是从1开始，不包括头节点
    if(index < 1 || index > listSize) return -1;
    Node<T>* p = firstNode->next;
    for(int i = 1; i <= listSize; i++)
    {
        if(i == index)
        {
            return p->data;
        }
        p = p->next;
    }
    return -1;
}

template<class T>
void LinkedList<T>::insert(int index, T element)
{
    Node<T>* p = firstNode->next;
    Node<T>* targetNode = new Node<T>(element);
    if(index <= 1) //特殊情况1：头插法
    {
        targetNode->next = firstNode->next;
        firstNode->next = targetNode;
        listSize ++;
        return;
    }
    if(index > listSize)//特殊情况2：插在末尾
    {
        for(int i = 1; i < listSize; i++) p = p->next;
        p->next = targetNode;
        targetNode->next = NULL;
        listSize ++;
        return;
    }
    else
    {
        for(int i = 1; i < index - 1; i++) p = p->next;
        targetNode->next = p->next;
        p->next = targetNode;
        listSize ++;
    }
}

template<class T>
void LinkedList<T>::erase(int index)
{
    if(index < 1 || index > listSize)
    {
        cout<< "error!" <<endl;
    }
    else
    {
        Node<T>* p = firstNode;
        for(int i = 1; i < index; i++) p = p->next;
        Node<T>* tmp = p->next;
        p->next = tmp->next;
        delete tmp;
        listSize --;
    }
}

template<class T>
void LinkedList<T>::reverseLinkedList()
{
    Node<T>* currentNode = firstNode->next;
    Node<T>* previous = currentNode->next;
    while (previous != NULL) 
    {
        Node<T>* n = previous->next;
        previous->next = currentNode;
        currentNode = previous;
        previous = n;
    }
    firstNode->next = currentNode;
}

template<class T>
void LinkedList<T>::print()
{
    Node<T>* p = firstNode->next;
    for(int i = 0; i < listSize; i++)
    {
        cout<<p->data<<" -> ";
        p = p->next;
    }
    cout<<"NULL"<<endl;
    cout<<endl;
}


int main()
{
    LinkedList<int> linkedList(5);
    cout<<"create a linkedlist:"<<endl;
    linkedList.print();
    cout<<"insert 11 at index -1:"<<endl;
    linkedList.insert(11, -1);
    linkedList.print();
    cout<<"erase the element of index 6:"<<endl;
    linkedList.erase(6);
    linkedList.print();
    linkedList.getElement(3);
    linkedList.isEmpty();
    linkedList.size();
    cout<<"reverse linkedlist:"<<endl;
    linkedList.reverseLinkedList();
    linkedList.print();
    system("pause");
}