目录
Scriptlet(脚本小程序)
所有嵌入在HTML代码中的Java程序都必须用Scriptlet标记出来
JSP中一共有三种Scriptlet代码:
- <%%>:定义局部变量、编写语句
- <%!%>:定义全局变量、方法、类
- <%=%>:用于输出一个变量或一个具体内容
<%%>
<% int x=10; String info="hello"; out.println("<h2>x="+x+"</h2>"); out.println("<h2>info="+info+"</h2>"); %><%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="ISO-8859-1"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <% int x=10; String info="hello"; out.println("<h2>x="+x+"</h2>"); out.println("<h2>info="+info+"</h2>"); %> </body> </html>
- 与Servlet不同,无需创建输出流对象;
- JSP中有很多内置对象,简化JSP代码书写;
- 启动服务器,请求JSP文件;打印输出两个变量;
为什么 <%%>定义局部变量?
理解:
- 打开JSP文件生成对应的servlet文件;
- 查看到变量声明在servlet的一个服务方法中;
/* * Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat * Version: Apache Tomcat/9.0.27 * Generated at: 2021-12-26 06:35:07 UTC * Note: The last modified time of this file was set to * the last modified time of the source file after * generation to assist with modification tracking. */ package org.apache.jsp; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.servlet.jsp.*; public final class Demo01_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent, org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports { private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory = javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory(); private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants; private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_packages; private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_classes; static { _jspx_imports_packages = new java.util.HashSet<>(); _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet"); _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.http"); _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.jsp"); _jspx_imports_classes = null; } private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory; private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager; public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() { return _jspx_dependants; } public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getPackageImports() { return _jspx_imports_packages; } public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getClassImports() { return _jspx_imports_classes; } public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() { if (_el_expressionfactory == null) { synchronized (this) { if (_el_expressionfactory == null) { _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory(); } } } return _el_expressionfactory; } public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() { if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) { synchronized (this) { if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) { _jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig()); } } } return _jsp_instancemanager; } public void _jspInit() { } public void _jspDestroy() { } public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException { if (!javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) { final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod(); if ("OPTIONS".equals(_jspx_method)) { response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS"); return; } if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method)) { response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS"); response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSP 只允许 GET、POST 或 HEAD。Jasper 还允许 OPTIONS"); return; } } final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext; javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null; final javax.servlet.ServletContext application; final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config; javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null; final java.lang.Object page = this; javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null; javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null; try { response.setContentType("text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"); pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response, null, true, 8192, true); _jspx_page_context = pageContext; application = pageContext.getServletContext(); config = pageContext.getServletConfig(); session = pageContext.getSession(); out = pageContext.getOut(); _jspx_out = out; out.write("\r\n"); out.write("<!DOCTYPE html>\r\n"); out.write("<html>\r\n"); out.write("<head>\r\n"); out.write("<meta charset=\"ISO-8859-1\">\r\n"); out.write("<title>Insert title here</title>\r\n"); out.write("</head>\r\n"); out.write("<body>\r\n"); int x=10; String info="hello"; out.println("<h2>x="+x+"</h2>"); out.println("<h2>info="+info+"</h2>"); out.write("\r\n"); out.write("</body>\r\n"); out.write("</html>"); } catch (java.lang.Throwable t) { if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){ out = _jspx_out; if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0) try { if (response.isCommitted()) { out.flush(); } else { out.clearBuffer(); } } catch (java.io.IOException e) {} if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t); else throw new ServletException(t); } } finally { _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context); } } }
<%!%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="ISO-8859-1"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <% int x=10; %> <%! String s="hello"; public int add(int x,int y){ return x+y; } %> <%! class Person{ private String name; public String getName(){ return name; } } %> </body> </html>
- <%!%>里声明的方法,会作为对应Java类里的成员方法;
- <%!%>里声明的类,会作为对应Java类里的内部类;
- <%%>里的变量不同,作为对应Java类服务方法里的变量,是相对于方法而言的局部变量;
为什么 <%!%>定义全局变量、方法、类?
理解:
- 打开JSP文件生成对应的servlet文件;
- 查看到,全局变量、成员方法、内部类声明在servlet(Java类)中;
/* * Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat * Version: Apache Tomcat/9.0.27 * Generated at: 2021-12-26 07:22:06 UTC * Note: The last modified time of this file was set to * the last modified time of the source file after * generation to assist with modification tracking. */ package org.apache.jsp; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.servlet.jsp.*; public final class Demo02_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent, org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports { String s="hello"; public int add(int x,int y){ return x+y; } class Person{ private String name; public String getName(){ return name; } } private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory = javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory(); private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants; private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_packages; private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_classes; static { _jspx_imports_packages = new java.util.HashSet<>(); _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet"); _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.http"); _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.jsp"); _jspx_imports_classes = null; } private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory; private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager; public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() { return _jspx_dependants; } public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getPackageImports() { return _jspx_imports_packages; } public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getClassImports() { return _jspx_imports_classes; } public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() { if (_el_expressionfactory == null) { synchronized (this) { if (_el_expressionfactory == null) { _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory(); } } } return _el_expressionfactory; } public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() { if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) { synchronized (this) { if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) { _jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig()); } } } return _jsp_instancemanager; } public void _jspInit() { } public void _jspDestroy() { } public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException { if (!javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) { final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod(); if ("OPTIONS".equals(_jspx_method)) { response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS"); return; } if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method)) { response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS"); response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSP 只允许 GET、POST 或 HEAD。Jasper 还允许 OPTIONS"); return; } } final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext; javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null; final javax.servlet.ServletContext application; final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config; javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null; final java.lang.Object page = this; javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null; javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null; try { response.setContentType("text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"); pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response, null, true, 8192, true); _jspx_page_context = pageContext; application = pageContext.getServletContext(); config = pageContext.getServletConfig(); session = pageContext.getSession(); out = pageContext.getOut(); _jspx_out = out; out.write("\r\n"); out.write("<!DOCTYPE html>\r\n"); out.write("<html>\r\n"); out.write("<head>\r\n"); out.write("<meta charset=\"ISO-8859-1\">\r\n"); out.write("<title>Insert title here</title>\r\n"); out.write("</head>\r\n"); out.write("<body>\r\n"); int x=10; out.write('\r'); out.write('\n'); out.write('\r'); out.write('\n'); out.write("\r\n"); out.write("</body>\r\n"); out.write("</html>"); } catch (java.lang.Throwable t) { if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){ out = _jspx_out; if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0) try { if (response.isCommitted()) { out.flush(); } else { out.clearBuffer(); } } catch (java.io.IOException e) {} if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t); else throw new ServletException(t); } } finally { _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context); } } }
<%=%>表达式输出
- 输出脚本里的变量和表达式内容;
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="ISO-8859-1"> <title>Insert title here</title> </head> <body> <% String info="Hello world!"; int temp=30; out.println(info); //效果等同于servlet输出流对象的println()方法 %> <%=temp%> </body> </html>
总结
- 在JSP中使用类、方法,往往通过Javabean来调用;
- scriptlet两种脚本写变量、方法有所区别;
- 在JSP中,建议使用——<%=%>表达式输出,更好地将html内容和java内容分离开来;
本文详细解析了JSP中的Scriptlet,包括<%%>定义的局部变量、<%!%>定义的全局变量、方法及类,以及<%=%>表达式的输出功能。讨论了它们在生成Servlet时的表现,强调了在JSP中使用<%=%>表达式输出以保持HTML和Java内容的分离。


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