如何在 Django 中更改用户头像

用户需要能够更改他们的头像。

• 用户可以通过一个表单上传他们的头像。
• 头像将存储在服务器上。
• 当用户更新他们的头像时，旧的头像将被删除。

2. 解决方案

• 在模型中添加一个头像字段。
• 在表单中添加一个头像字段。
• 在视图中处理头像上传。
• 在视图中删除旧的头像。

# models.py

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import AbstractBaseUser, BaseUserManager


class UserManager(BaseUserManager):
    def create_user(self, username, email, password=None):
        """
        Creates and saves a User with the given username, email and password.
        """
        if not username:
            raise ValueError('Users must have a username')

        user = self.model(
            username=username,
            email=self.normalize_email(email),
        )

        user.set_password(password)
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user


    def create_superuser(self, username, email, password):
        """
        Creates and saves a superuser with the given username, email and password.
        """
        user = self.create_user(
            username,
            email,
            password=password,
        )
        user.is_admin = True
        user.save(using=self._db)
        return user


class User(AbstractBaseUser):
    email = models.EmailField(
        verbose_name='Email address',
        max_length=45,
        unique=True,
        db_index=True,
    )
    username = models.TextField(verbose_name='Nick', max_length=15, unique=True)
    profession = models.TextField(verbose_name='Profession', max_length=15)
    avatar = models.FileField(upload_to=get_upload_file_name, blank=True, null=True)
    profile_vkontakte = models.TextField(verbose_name='Profile in vkontakte', max_length=10, null=True)
    coordinate_x = models.FloatField(verbose_name='X', null=True)
    coordinate_y = models.FloatField(verbose_name='Y', null=True)
    is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
    is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)

    objects = UserManager()

    USERNAME_FIELD = 'username'
    REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['email']

    def get_full_name(self):
        return '%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name,)

    def get_short_name(self):
        return self.username

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.email

    def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None):
        return True

    def has_module_perms(self, app_label):
        return True

    @property
    def is_staff(self):
        return self.is_admin


# views.py

from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from .forms import UserForm
from django.contrib.auth import update_session_auth_hash
from django.contrib import messages
from django.core.files.storage import FileSystemStorage
from django.conf import settings


@login_required
def edit_personal_information(request):
    if request.method == "POST" :
        user_form = UserForm(request.POST, request.FILES, instance=request.user)
        if user_form.is_valid():
            user_form.save()
            messages.success(request, 'Your data was updated successfully')
            update_session_auth_hash(request, user_form.user)
            return redirect("/personal_information")
        else:
            messages.error(request, 'Please correct the error below.')
    else:
        user_form = UserForm(instance=request.user)

    return render(request, "edit_personal_information.html", {
        'user_form': user_form,
    })


# forms.py

from django import forms
from django.contrib.auth.forms import UserCreationForm
from .models import User


class UserForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ('username', 'profession', 'avatar', 'profile_vkontakte', 'coordinate_x', 'coordinate_y')


# settings.py
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'


def get_upload_file_name(instance, filename):
    return "avatars/user_{0}/{1}".format(instance.id, filename)

按照上述步骤即可完成在 Django 中更改用户头像的功能。