JavaWeb中使用JavaMail实现发送邮件功能实例详解

本文介绍如何在用户注册成功后通过JavaMail发送确认邮件。包括搭建开发环境、设计用户注册JSP页面、实现邮件发送功能及处理注册请求的Servlet。

现在很多的网站都提供有用户注册功能, 通常我们注册成功之后就会收到一封来自注册网站的邮件。邮件里面的内容可能包含了我们的注册的用户名和密码以及一个激活账户的超链接等信息。今天我们也来实现一个这样的功能,用户注册成功之后,就将用户的注册信息以Email的形式发送到用户的注册邮箱当中,实现发送邮件功能就得借助于JavaMail了。

一、搭建开发环境

1.1、创建Web项目

  

1.2、用户注册的Jsp页面

register.jsp

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<%@ page language= "java" pageEncoding= "UTF-" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action= "${pageContext.request.contextPath}/servlet/RegisterServlet" method= "post" >
用户名:<input type= "text" name= "username" ><br/>
密码:<input type= "password" name= "password" ><br/>
邮箱:<input type= "text" name= "email" ><br/>
<input type= "submit" value= "注册" >
</form>
</body>
</html>

1.3、消息提示页面

message.jsp

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<%@ page language= "java" pageEncoding= "UTF-" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>消息提示页面</title>
</head>
<body>
${message}
</body>
</html>

二、编写处理用户注册处理程序

2.1、开发封装用户注册信息的domain

User.java

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package me.gacl.domain;
public class User {
private String username;
private String password;
private String email;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this .username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this .password = password;
}
public String getEmail() {
return email;
}
public void setEmail(String email) {
this .email = email;
}
}

2.2、编写邮件发送功能

  发送邮件是一件非常耗时的事情,因此这里设计一个线程类来发送邮件

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package me.gacl.web.controller;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.mail.Message;
import javax.mail.Session;
import javax.mail.Transport;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import me.gacl.domain.User;
/**
* @ClassName: Sendmail
* @Description: Sendmail类继承Thread,因此Sendmail就是一个线程类,这个线程类用于给指定的用户发送Email
* @author: 孤傲苍狼
* @date: -- 下午::
*
*/
public class Sendmail extends Thread {
//用于给用户发送邮件的邮箱
private String from = "gacl@sohu.com" ;
//邮箱的用户名
private String username = "gacl" ;
//邮箱的密码
private String password = "邮箱密码" ;
//发送邮件的服务器地址
private String host = "smtp.sohu.com" ;
private User user;
public Sendmail(User user){
this .user = user;
}
/* 重写run方法的实现,在run方法中发送邮件给指定的用户
* @see java.lang.Thread#run()
*/
@Override
public void run() {
try{
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.setProperty("mail.host", host);
prop.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");
prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
Session session = Session.getInstance(prop);
session.setDebug(true);
Transport ts = session.getTransport();
ts.connect(host, username, password);
Message message = createEmail(session,user);
ts.sendMessage(message, message.getAllRecipients());
ts.close();
}catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
/**
* @Method: createEmail
* @Description: 创建要发送的邮件
* @Anthor:孤傲苍狼
*
* @param session
* @param user
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
public Message createEmail(Session session,User user) throws Exception{
MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
message.setFrom( new InternetAddress(from));
message.setRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(user.getEmail()));
message.setSubject( "用户注册邮件" );
String info = "恭喜您注册成功,您的用户名:" + user.getUsername() + ",您的密码:" + user.getPassword() + ",请妥善保管,如有问题请联系网站客服!!" ;
message.setContent(info, "text/html;charset=UTF-" );
message.saveChanges();
return message;
}
}

2.3、编写处理用户注册的Servlet

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package me.gacl.web.controller;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import me.gacl.domain.User;
import me.gacl.service.UserService;
public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
String username = request.getParameter( "username" );
String password = request.getParameter( "password" );
String email = request.getParameter( "email" );
User user = new User();
user.setEmail(email);
user.setPassword(password);
user.setUsername(username);
System.out.println( "把用户信息注册到数据库中" );
//用户注册成功之后就使用用户注册时的邮箱给用户发送一封Email
//发送邮件是一件非常耗时的事情,因此这里开辟了另一个线程来专门发送邮件
Sendmail send = new Sendmail(user);
//启动线程,线程启动之后就会执行run方法来发送邮件
send.start();
//注册用户
//new UserService().registerUser(user);
request.setAttribute( "message" , "恭喜您,注册成功,我们已经发了一封带了注册信息的电子邮件,请查收,如果没有收到,可能是网络原因,过一会儿就收到了!!" );
request.getRequestDispatcher( "/message.jsp" ).forward(request, response);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
request.setAttribute( "message" , "注册失败!!" );
request.getRequestDispatcher( "/message.jsp" ).forward(request, response);
}
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
}

  程序运行效果如下:

  

  现在很多网站都有这样的功能,用户注册完成之后,网站根据我们注册时填写的邮箱给我们一封Email,然后点击Email中的超链接去激活我们的用户。这种功能就是这样实现的。

  在总结使用JavaMail发送邮件时发现,将邮件发送到sina或者sohu的邮箱时,不一定能够马上收取得到邮件,总是有延迟,有时甚至会延迟很长的时间,甚至会被当成垃圾邮件来处理掉,或者干脆就拒绝接收,有时候为了看到邮件发送成功的效果,要等半天,实属无奈啊。

利用Java发送邮件(含附件)的例子 1、邮件发送的配置propertity文件内容如下:(utils.properties文件放在src下面) emailsmtp=smtp.qq.comemailaddress=459104018@qq.comemailpass=******2、读取配置文件的类文件(ReadPropertity.java) import java.io.IOException;import java.util.Properties;public class ReadPropertity { static Properties props = new Properties(); static { try { props.load(ReadPropertity.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream( "utils.properties")); } catch (IOException e1) { e1.printStackTrace(); } } public static String getProperty(String key) { return props.getProperty(key); }}3、邮件处理类(EmailHandle.java)import java.util.Iterator;import java.util.LinkedList;import java.util.List;import java.util.Properties;import javax.activation.DataHandler;import javax.activation.FileDataSource;import javax.mail.BodyPart;import javax.mail.Message;import javax.mail.Multipart;import javax.mail.Session;import javax.mail.Transport;import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;import javax.mail.internet.MimeUtility;/*** 本程序用java来实现Email的发送, 所用到的协议为:smtp* <p>Company: 疯狂的IT人</p>* time:2013-04-05* @author www.crazyiter.com* @date * @version 1.0 */public class EmailHandle { private MimeMessage mimeMsg; //邮件对象 private Session session; //发送邮件的Session会话 private Properties props;//邮件发送时的一些配置信息的一个属性对象 private String sendUserName; //发件人的用户名 private String sendUserPass; //发件人密码 private Multipart mp;//附件添加的组件 private List files = new LinkedList();//存放附件文件 public EmailHandle(String smtp) { sendUserName = ""; sendUserPass = ""; setSmtpHost(smtp);// 设置邮件服务器 createMimeMessage(); // 创建邮件 } public void setSmtpHost(String hostName) { if (props == null) props = System.getProperties(); props.put("mail.smtp.host", hostName); } public boolean createMimeMessage(){ try { // 用props对象来创建并初始化session对象 session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println("获取邮件会话对象时发生错误!" + e); return false; } try { mimeMsg = new MimeMessage(session); // 用session对象来创建并初始化邮件对象 mp = new MimeMultipart();// 生成附件组件的实例 } catch (Exception e) { return false; } return true; } /** * 设置SMTP的身份认证 */ public void setNeedAuth(boolean need) { if (props == null) props = System.getProperties(); if (need) props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); else props.put("mail.smtp.auth", "false"); } /** * 进行用户身份验证时,设置用户名和密码 */ public void setNamePass(String name, String pass) { sendUserName = name; sendUserPass = pass; } /** * 设置邮件主题 * @param mailSubject * @return */ public boolean setSubject(String mailSubject) { try { mimeMsg.setSubject(mailSubject); } catch (Exception e) { return false; } return true; } /** * 设置邮件内容,并设置其为文本格式或HTML文件格式,编码方式为UTF-8 * @param mailBody * @return */ public boolean setBody(String mailBody) { try { BodyPart bp = new MimeBodyPart(); bp.setContent("<meta http-equiv=Content-Type content=text/html; charset=UTF-8>"+ mailBody, "text/html;charset=UTF-8"); // 在组件上添加邮件文本 mp.addBodyPart(bp); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println("设置邮件正文时发生错误!" + e); return false; } return true; } /** * 增加发送附件 * @param filename * 邮件附件的地址,只能是本机地址而不能是网络地址,否则抛出异常 * @return */ public boolean addFileAffix(String filename) { try { BodyPart bp = new MimeBodyPart(); FileDataSource fileds = new FileDataSource(filename); bp.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(fileds)); bp.setFileName(MimeUtility.encodeText(fileds.getName(),"utf-8",null)); // 解决附件名称乱码 mp.addBodyPart(bp);// 添加附件 files.add(fileds); } catch (Exception e) { System.err.println("增加邮件附件:" + filename + "发生错误!" + e); return false; } return true; } public boolean delFileAffix(){ try { FileDataSource fileds = null; for(Iterator it = files.iterator() ;it.hasNext();) { fileds = (FileDataSource)it.next(); if(fileds != null && fileds.getFile() != null){ fileds.getFile().delete(); } } }catch (Exception e) { return false; } return true; } /** * 设置发件人地址 * @param from * 发件人地址 * @return */ public boolean setFrom(String from) { try { mimeMsg.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); } catch (Exception e) { return false; } return true; } /** * 设置收件人地址 * @param to收件人的地址 * @return */ public boolean setTo(String to) { if (to == null) return false; try { mimeMsg.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO,InternetAddress.parse(to)); } catch (Exception e) { return false; } return true; } /** * 发送附件 * @param copyto * @return */ public boolean setCopyTo(String copyto) { if (copyto == null) return false; try { mimeMsg.setRecipients(javax.mail.Message.RecipientType.CC,InternetAddress.parse(copyto)); } catch (Exception e) { return false; } return true; } /** * 发送邮件 * @return */ public boolean sendEmail() throws Exception{ mimeMsg.setContent(mp); mimeMsg.saveChanges(); System.out.println("正在发送邮件...."); Session mailSession = Session.getInstance(props, null); Transport transport = mailSession.getTransport("smtp"); // 连接邮件服务器并进行身份验证 transport.connect((String) props.get("mail.smtp.host"), sendUserName,sendUserPass); // 发送邮件 transport.sendMessage(mimeMsg, mimeMsg.getRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO)); System.out.println("发送邮件成功!"); transport.close(); return true; }}4、邮件发送的类文件(SendEmail.java)/*** 发送邮件测试* <p>Company: 疯狂的IT人</p>* time:2013-04-05* @author www.crazyiter.com* @date * @version 1.0 */public class SendEmail { public SendEmail() { } /***以后需要两个参数:接收方地址 、 内容***/ public static void send(String subject, String toaddress,String content)throws Exception { String hostName = ReadPropertity.getProperty("emailsmtp"); String fromAddress = ReadPropertity.getProperty("emailaddress"); String fromAPass = ReadPropertity.getProperty("emailpass"); EmailHandle emailHandle = new EmailHandle(hostName); emailHandle.setFrom(fromAddress); emailHandle.setNeedAuth(true); emailHandle.setSubject(subject); emailHandle.setBody(content); emailHandle.setTo(toaddress); emailHandle.setFrom(fromAddress); emailHandle.addFileAffix("D:/myself/help/txt/java环境变量.txt");// 附件文件路径 emailHandle.setNamePass(fromAddress, fromAPass); emailHandle.sendEmail(); } public static void main(String[] args) { try { SendEmail.send("带附件的邮件测试","459104018@qq.com","测试内容<a href='http://www.crazyiter.com'>疯狂的IT人</a>"); } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } }}5、发送邮件需要的jar包:activation.jarmail-plugin.jarmail.jar6、打包下载: 疯狂的IT人整理java邮件发送(源码).rar 下载地址: http://www.crazyiter.com/bbs/forum.php?mod=attachment&aid=MjF8MzQzOTYzZjB8MTM2NTE3NjczMHwxfDExNDA%3D
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