ubunut关键配置

Time sync

timedatectl set-local-rtc 1 --adjust-system-clock
timedatectl 
sudo apt update 
sudo apt install ntpdate 
sudo ntpdate ntp.aliyun.com

Snap提速

sudo snap set system proxy.https="socks5://192.168.1.1:1080"
sudo snap set system proxy.http="socks5://192.168.1.1:1080"
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart snapd

仅适合部分用户，如效果不佳，请还原。

sudo snap set system proxy.http=""
sudo snap set system proxy.https=""

或

sudo snap set system proxy.http!
sudo snap set system proxy.https!

Hardware video decoding

Step 1: Install API

VA-API Drivers

For newer Intel GPUs (Gen 8+):

sudo apt install intel-media-va-driver-non-free libvdpau-va-gl1 vainfo ffmpeg intel-gpu-tools

特别地：intel-media-va-driver-non-free也可以替换成开源包intel-media-va-driver。ffmpeg可能不是必须，没有测试。intel-gpu-tools是工具集合。

For older Intel GPUs (Gen 7 and older):

sudo apt install i965-va-driver-shaders

For AMD/Radeon GPUs:

sudo apt install mesa-va-drivers
sudo apt install intel-media-va-driver-non-free

For Nvidia GPUs:

sudo apt install -y nvidia-driver-full nvidia-vaapi-driver libvdpau-va-gl1 vainfo

If Deepin 25, please compile and install follow nvidia-vaapi-driver website

# Disable file system
# sudo deepin-immutable-writable enable -d /usr
# reboot
sudo apt install meson gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad libffmpeg-nvenc-dev libva-dev libegl-dev libdrm-dev libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-dev
meson setup build
meson install -C build
# Enable file system
# sudo deepin-immutable-writable disable
# reboot

VDPAU Drivers

sudo apt install nvidia-vdpau-driver libvdpau-va-gl1 vdpauinfo

Step 2: Verify API is Present

VA-API

ethan@A4060TI:~$ vainfo
Trying display: wayland
libva info: VA-API version 1.22.0
libva info: Trying to open /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/nvidia_drv_video.so
libva info: Found init function __vaDriverInit_1_0
libva info: va_openDriver() returns 0
vainfo: VA-API version: 1.22 (libva 2.22.0)
vainfo: Driver version: VA-API NVDEC driver [direct backend]

Test on Ubuntu 25.10

VD-PAU

ethan@4060TI:$ vdpauinfo 
display: :0   screen: 0
API version: 1
Information string: NVIDIA VDPAU Driver Shared Library  580.82.07  Wed Aug 27 18:03:55 UTC 2025

Test on Deepin 25

Step 3:

Chrome

Please modify desktop file like this:

ethan@A4060TI:~$ cat /usr/share/applications/google-chrome.desktop | grep stable
Exec=/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable %U --enable-features=VaapiVideoDecoder,VaapiOnNvidiaGPUs,IgnoreGpuBlocklist,AcceleratedVideoDecodeLinuxGL
Exec=/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable --enable-features=VaapiVideoDecoder,VaapiOnNvidiaGPUs,IgnoreGpuBlocklist,AcceleratedVideoDecodeLinuxGL
Exec=/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable --enable-features=VaapiVideoDecoder,VaapiOnNvidiaGPUs,IgnoreGpuBlocklist,AcceleratedVideoDecodeLinuxGL --incognito

Looks NG with this configuration

MPV

Via VAAPI

ethan@4060TI:$ cat ~/.config/mpv/mpv.conf 
hwdec=vaapi
vo=gpu
gpu-api=vulkan

Test OK with this configuration on Deepin 25

Via VDPAU

ethan@4060TI:$ cat ~/.config/mpv/mpv.conf 
hwdec=vdpau
vo=vdpau
gpu-api=vulkan
profile=gpu-hq,high-quality

Test OK with this configuration on Deepin 25

G5000 ubuntu 26.04笔记本配置

# hwdec=nvdec-copy  # 使用显存复制模式避免兼容性问题
# vo=gpu-next
# gpu-api=vulkan
# profile=gpu-hq,high-quality
audio-spdif=ac3,eac3,truehd,dts,dts-hd
audio-device=alsa/hdmi:CARD=NVidia,DEV=1
# mpv --hwdec=no --audio-device=alsa/hdmi:CARD=NVidia,DEV=1 --audio-spdif=ac3,eac3,truehd,dts,dts-hd Dolby5.1.mp4

# =============================================================================
# 基础渲染架构
# =============================================================================
# 启用高质量预设作为基底
profile=high-quality,gpu-hq

# 强制使用基于 libplacebo 的下一代渲染器
vo=gpu-next

# 使用 Vulkan API 以获得最佳 Shader 性能和 HDR 处理
# 如果遇到初始化缓慢问题，可尝试 gpu-api=opengl
gpu-api=vulkan

# 硬件解码策略
# NVIDIA显卡使用 nvdec-copy（将解码数据拷贝回内存），兼容性最好
hwdec=nvdec-copy
# AMD显卡可尝试：hwdec=vulkan
# Intel核显可尝试：hwdec=vaapi

# 启用所有格式的硬件解码
hwdec-codecs=all

# =============================================================================
# 缩放算法配置
# =============================================================================
# 高质量缩放算法（针对动画内容优化）
scale=ewa_lanczossharp
cscale=ewa_lanczossharp
dscale=mitchell

# 关闭线性缩放，避免干扰 Shader 效果
linear-downscaling=no
sigmoid-upscaling=yes

# =============================================================================
# 色彩与 HDR 处理
# =============================================================================
# 允许直接输出类似 HDR 的信号（如果显示器支持）
target-colorspace-hint=yes

# 色调映射算法：bt.2446a 是目前最先进的曲线之一，能保留更多高光细节
tone-mapping=bt.2446a

# 混合模式，平衡亮度与细节
# tone-mapping-mode=hybrid

# 色域映射模式
gamut-mapping-mode=clip

# 设置目标显示亮度（根据你的显示器参数调整，单位尼特）
# 常见值：SDR显示器 100-300，HDR显示器 600-1000，OLED可达1000+
target-peak=300

# 自动检测HDR峰值亮度
hdr-compute-peak=yes

# =============================================================================
# 去色带与抖动
# =============================================================================
# 抖动：消除 8bit 面板色阶
dither-depth=auto
dither=error-diffusion
error-diffusion=floyd-steinberg

# 启用去色带
deband=yes
deband-iterations=4
deband-threshold=35
deband-range=16
deband-grain=4

# =============================================================================
# 视频同步与插值
# =============================================================================
# 视频同步到显示器刷新率
video-sync=display-resample

# 帧插值/运动补偿，让24fps视频在高刷屏上更流畅
interpolation=yes
tscale=oversample

# =============================================================================
# 性能优化
# =============================================================================
# 缓存设置
demuxer-max-bytes=500M
demuxer-readahead-secs=60
cache=yes
cache-secs=10

Firefox

Reference

• linux下ffmpeg调用GPU硬件解码（VDPAU/VAAPI）保存文件
• N卡LinuxB站视频硬解-使用nvidia-vaapi-driver
• nvidia-vaapi-driver

Setup
特别地，对于snap方式安装firefox的用户，应修改到core24通道，命令如下：

sudo snap refresh --channel=latest/candidate/core24 firefox

• Install dependencies

sudo apt install ffmpeg
ffmpeg -hwaccels # make sure include vaapi

• /etc/environment

# Controls which backend this library uses. Either egl (default), or direct. See direct backend for more details.
NVD_BACKEND=direct
# Disables the sandbox for the RDD process that the decoder runs in.
MOZ_DISABLE_RDD_SANDBOX=1
# For libva versions prior to 2.15, this forces libva to load the nvidia backend.
LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME=nvidia
# Required for the 470 driver series only. It overrides the list of drivers the glvnd library can use to prevent Firefox from using the MESA driver by mistake.
_EGL_VENDOR_LIBRARY_FILENAMES=/usr/share/glvnd/egl_vendor.d/10_nvidia.json

对于笔记本来说，大部分都是Intel集显和Nvidia独显。如果是想启动集显，只需要：

# Disables the sandbox for the RDD process that the decoder runs in.
MOZ_DISABLE_RDD_SANDBOX=1

• /etc/default/grub

1. Add nvidia-drm.modeset=1

# Generated by deepin-installer
GRUB_BACKGROUND="/boot/grub/themes/deepin/background.jpg"
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="video=efifb:nobgrt splash quiet loglevel=0 locales=zh_CN.UTF-8 nvidia-drm.modeset=1"
GRUB_DEFAULT=0
GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR="`/usr/bin/lsb_release -d -s 2>/dev/null || echo UOS 20`"
GRUB_THEME="/boot/grub/themes/deepin/theme.txt"
GRUB_TIMEOUT=1
GRUB_GFXMODE=auto
DEEPIN_GFXMODE_DETECT=1

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

非Nvidia用户不用执行此步骤。

2. Update initramfs

sudo update-initramfs -u
sudo update-grub

3. firefox about:config
   
   Please check this table carefully. media.ffmpeg.vaapi.enabled is missing, but it is OK at firefox 144 in Deepin 25.

4. Enable discrete graphic on notebook bios/uefi

Step 4: Verification

• Check on chrome://gnu
  
• Check by nvidia-utils

sudo apt install nvidia-utils-580 # (Replace 580 with your current driver version)
nvidia-smi dmon

ethan@4060TI:$ nvidia-smi dmon 
# gpu    pwr  gtemp  mtemp     sm    mem    enc    dec    jpg    ofa   mclk   pclk 
# Idx      W      C      C      %      %      %      %      %      %    MHz    MHz 
    0     30     50      -      2      3      0      2      0      0   8751   2580 
    0     31     50      -      2      3      0      2      0      0   8751   2580 
    0     31     50      -      2      3      0      2      0      0   8751   2580 
    0     31     51      -      6      3      0      2      0      0   8751   2580 
    0     31     51      -      2      3      0      2      0      0   8751   2580 
    0     31     51      -      2      3      0      2      0      0   8751   2580

对于，Intel显卡（或者集成Intell显卡）

sudo intel_gpu_top

播放网络视频时，显示效果如下

intel-gpu-top: Intel Alderlake_p (Gen12) @ /dev/dri/card1 -  346/ 758 MHz;  44% RC6;  0.93/10.22 W;      268 irqs/s

         ENGINES     BUSY                                                                                                                                                                                                      MI_SEMA MI_WAIT
       Render/3D   24.44% |███████████████████████████████████████████████▌                                                                                                                                                  |      0%      0%
         Blitter    0.00% |                                                                                                                                                                                                  |      0%      0%
           Video    3.80% |███████▌                                                                                                                                                                                          |      0%      0%
    VideoEnhance    0.00% |                                                                                                                                                                                                  |      0%      0%

显然已经生效。

firefox

nvidia-smi dmon or Nvidia X server settings

Test OK with this configuration on Deepin 25. Please make chrome is close. It is failed in my side while chrome is working

Vulkan

Step 1: Install dependencies

sudo apt install vulkan-tools libvulkan1

Step 2: Verify VULKANINFO is Present

ethan@A4060TI:~$ vulkaninfo 
==========
VULKANINFO
==========

Vulkan Instance Version: 1.4.321

Step 3: Load Vulkan by command line

Wayland is not compatible with Vulkan. Please only test via command line. Please don’t modify chrome://flags.

Force X11 and enable Vulkan

/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable %U --enable-features=VaapiVideoDecoder,VaapiOnNvidiaGPUs,IgnoreGpuBlocklist,AcceleratedVideoDecodeLinuxGL --ozone-platform=x11 --enable-features=Vulkan

ollama

Step 1: Install

sudo apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit
wget https://ollama.com/install.sh
sh install.sh
ollama --version

Step 2: Choose model and run

ollama run deepseek-r1:7b

Step 3: Online Model

Please sign up on ollama offical website before trying to run online model.

ollama signin

Then follow the instructions to finish signin jobs.

Just copy and go to the link on browser.

https://signin.ollama.com/?client_id=xxxxxxxxxxx

Then choose model and run.

ethan@A4060TI:~$ ollama run deepseek-v3.1:671b-cloud
Connecting to 'deepseek-v3.1:671b' on 'ollama.com' ⚡
>>> hello
Thinking...
Hmm, the user just said "hello". This is a simple greeting that doesn't require complex analysis. The best response is a friendly and warm greeting in return.  

Since it's the start of a conversation, I should keep it open-ended and inviting. A simple "Hello! How can I help you today?" would work well—it acknowledges the greeting and encourages the user to share 
what they need.  

No need to overthink this. Just be polite and approachable.
...done thinking.

Hello! How can I help you today?

Cloud models and capabilities such as web search contribute to limits that apply to the last hour and week.

Mount vhdx

vhdx is WSL file. Just want to use in linux. WSL2 fs is here(Please replace You by your real name):

C:\Users\You\AppData\Local\Packages\CanonicalGroupLimited.Ubuntu24.04LTS_79rhkp1fndgsc\LocalState

mkdir /dev/shm/vhdx
sudo apt-get update && apt-get install -y nbd-client
sudo modprobe nbd max_part=8
sudo qemu-nbd -c /dev/nbd0 ext4.vhdx
sudo apt install qemu-utils
sudo mount -o ro /dev/nbd0 /dev/shm/vhdx/

Ubuntu studio

Install chinese input

1. Install fcitx5(better than ibus in KDE)

 sudo apt install language-pack-zh-hans
 sudo apt install fcitx5 fcitx5-chinese-addons fcitx5-config-qt

2. im-config

im-config
# Choose fcitx5

3. System settings

Keyboard => Virtual Keyboard => Fictx 5 Wayland launcher

4. Added pinyin in Fictx Configuration

# filter by input chinese
Add Pinyin

5. Reboot