qemu搭建arm嵌入式linux开发环境

最新推荐文章于 2026-03-30 18:50:03 发布
原创 最新推荐文章于 2026-03-30 18:50:03 发布 · 3k 阅读 · 16
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#linux #arm #qemu
本文详细记录了嵌入式Linux开发流程，包括交叉编译工具链的安装、U-Boot编译、Linux内核启动及根文件系统配置，通过QEMU模拟实现网络环境搭建与NFS挂载，最后进行应用程序测试。

一、基本概念

1、交叉编译

交叉编译（Cross_Compile）是指编译源代码的平台和执行源代码编译后程序的平台是两个不同的平台。

2、bootloader

BootLoader是在操作系统内核运行之前运行。可以初始化硬件设备、建立内存空间映射图，从而将系统的软硬件环境带到一个合适状态，以便为最终调用操作系统内核准备好正确的环境。

Bootloader是嵌入式系统在加电后执行的第一段代码，在它完成CPU和相关硬件的初始化之后，再将操作系统映像或固化的嵌入式应用程序装载到内存中然后跳转到操作系统所在的空间，启动操作系统运行。

3、Linux

Linux，全称GNU/Linux，是一种免费使用和自由传播的类UNIX操作系统，其内核由[林纳斯·本纳第克特·托瓦兹于1991年10月5日首次发布，它主要受到Minix和Unix思想的启发，是一个基于POSIX的多用户、多任务、支持多线程和多CPU的操作系统。它能运行主要的Unix工具软件、应用程序和网络协议。它支持32位和64位硬件。Linux继承了Unix以网络为核心的设计思想，是一个性能稳定的多用户网络操作系统。

4、根文件系统

根文件系统首先是内核启动时所mount的第一个文件系统，内核代码映像文件保存在根文件系统中，而系统引导启动程序会在根文件系统挂载之后从中把一些基本的初始化脚本和服务等加载到内存中去运行。

5、测试环境

组件 版本
交叉编译工具链 gcc-linaro-6.5.0-2018.12-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf
bootloader u-boot-2018.03
linux linux-4.15
根文件系统 busybox-1.35.0

二、安装交叉编译工具链

1、下载交叉编译工具链

Builds & Downloads | Linaro

Linaro Releases

2、解压交叉工具链

onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/gcc$ pwd
/home/onlylove/my/gcc
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/gcc$ ls
gcc-linaro-6.5.0-2018.12-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/gcc$ xz -d gcc-linaro-6.5.0-2018.12-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz 
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/gcc$ ls
gcc-linaro-6.5.0-2018.12-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/gcc$ tar -xf gcc-linaro-6.5.0-2018.12-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar 
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/gcc$ ls
gcc-linaro-6.5.0-2018.12-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf  gcc-linaro-6.5.0-2018.12-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/gcc$ mv gcc-linaro-6.5.0-2018.12-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf/ gcc-linaro-6.5.0
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/gcc$ ls
gcc-linaro-6.5.0  gcc-linaro-6.5.0-2018.12-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/gcc$ cd gcc-linaro-6.5.0/
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/gcc/gcc-linaro-6.5.0$ ls
arm-linux-gnueabihf  bin  gcc-linaro-6.5.0-2018.12-linux-manifest.txt  include  lib  libexec  share
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/gcc/gcc-linaro-6.5.0$

三、uboot编译

1、解压uboot

onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/uboot$ pwd
/home/onlylove/my/kernel/uboot
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/uboot$ ls
u-boot-2018.03.tar.bz2
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/uboot$ tar -xjf u-boot-2018.03.tar.bz2 
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/uboot$ ls
u-boot-2018.03  u-boot-2018.03.tar.bz2
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/uboot$

2、设置编译工具链

# 注释
# set default to nothing for native builds
#ifeq ($(HOSTARCH),$(ARCH))
#CROSS_COMPILE ?=
#endif

# 添加
ARCH ?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE ?= /home/onlylove/my/gcc/gcc-linaro-6.5.0/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-

3、配置uboot

1、查看可用配置文件

onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/uboot/u-boot-2018.03/configs$ pwd
/home/onlylove/my/kernel/uboot/u-boot-2018.03/configs
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/uboot/u-boot-2018.03/configs$ ls vexpress* -l
-rw-rw-r-- 1 onlylove onlylove 1044 Mar 13  2018 vexpress_aemv8a_dram_defconfig
-rw-rw-r-- 1 onlylove onlylove 1134 Mar 13  2018 vexpress_aemv8a_juno_defconfig
-rw-rw-r-- 1 onlylove onlylove  983 Mar 13  2018 vexpress_aemv8a_semi_defconfig
-rw-rw-r-- 1 onlylove onlylove  792 Mar 13  2018 vexpress_ca15_tc2_defconfig
-rw-rw-r-- 1 onlylove onlylove  765 Mar 13  2018 vexpress_ca5x2_defconfig
-rw-rw-r-- 1 onlylove onlylove  765 Mar 13  2018 vexpress_ca9x4_defconfig
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/uboot/u-boot-2018.03/configs$

2、配置

onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/uboot/u-boot-2018.03$ pwd
/home/onlylove/my/kernel/uboot/u-boot-2018.03
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/uboot/u-boot-2018.03$ make distclean
  CLEAN   u-boot.cfg
  CLEAN   scripts/basic
  CLEAN   scripts/kconfig
  CLEAN   include/config include/generated
  CLEAN   .config include/autoconf.mk include/autoconf.mk.dep include/config.h
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/uboot/u-boot-2018.03$ make vexpress_ca9x4_defconfig
  HOSTCC  scripts/basic/fixdep
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/conf.o
  SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c
  SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.lex.c
  SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.hash.c
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
In file included from scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c:2468:
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c: In function ‘conf_write’:
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:771:19: warning: ‘%s’ directive writing likely 7 or more bytes into a region of size between 1 and 4097 [-Wformat-overflow=]
  771 |  sprintf(newname, "%s%s", dirname, basename);
      |                   ^~~~~~
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:771:19: note: assuming directive output of 7 bytes
In file included from /usr/include/stdio.h:867,
                 from scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c:82:
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/stdio2.h:36:10: note: ‘__builtin___sprintf_chk’ output 1 or more bytes (assuming 4104) into a destination of size 4097
   36 |   return __builtin___sprintf_chk (__s, __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL - 1,
      |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   37 |       __bos (__s), __fmt, __va_arg_pack ());
      |       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c:2468:
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:774:20: warning: ‘.tmpconfig.’ directive writing 11 bytes into a region of size between 1 and 4097 [-Wformat-overflow=]
  774 |   sprintf(tmpname, "%s.tmpconfig.%d", dirname, (int)getpid());
      |                    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/stdio.h:867,
                 from scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c:82:
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/stdio2.h:36:10: note: ‘__builtin___sprintf_chk’ output between 13 and 4119 bytes into a destination of size 4097
   36 |   return __builtin___sprintf_chk (__s, __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL - 1,
      |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   37 |       __bos (__s), __fmt, __va_arg_pack ());
      |       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  HOSTLD  scripts/kconfig/conf
#
# configuration written to .config
#
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/uboot/u-boot-2018.03$

4、编译

make -j4

5、测试

./qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 256 -kernel u-boot -nographic

onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/qemu-lq$ ls
qemu-system-arm  u-boot
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/qemu-lq$ ./qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 256 -kernel u-boot -nographic


U-Boot 2018.03 (Jun 25 2022 - 17:53:48 +0800)

DRAM:  256 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
Flash: 128 MiB
MMC:   MMC: 0
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
Net:   smc911x-0
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0 
=> printenv
arch=arm
baudrate=38400
board=vexpress
board_name=vexpress
boot_a_script=load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${scriptaddr} ${prefix}${script}; source ${scriptaddr}
boot_efi_binary=if fdt addr ${fdt_addr_r}; then bootefi bootmgr ${fdt_addr_r};else bootefi bootmgr ${fdtcontroladdr};fi;load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${kernel_addr_r} efi/boot/bootarm.efi; if fdt addr ${fdt_addr_r}; then bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${fdt_addr_r};else bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${fdtcontroladdr};fi
boot_extlinux=sysboot ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} any ${scriptaddr} ${prefix}extlinux/extlinux.conf
boot_prefixes=/ /boot/
boot_script_dhcp=boot.scr.uimg
boot_scripts=boot.scr.uimg boot.scr
boot_targets=mmc1 mmc0 pxe dhcp 
bootcmd=run distro_bootcmd; run bootflash
bootcmd_dhcp=if dhcp ${scriptaddr} ${boot_script_dhcp}; then source ${scriptaddr}; fi;setenv efi_fdtfile ${fdtfile}; if test -z "${fdtfile}" -a -n "${soc}"; then setenv efi_fdtfile ${soc}-${board}${boardver}.dtb; fi; setenv efi_old_vci ${bootp_vci};setenv efi_old_arch ${bootp_arch};setenv bootp_vci PXEClient:Arch:00010:UNDI:003000;setenv bootp_arch 0xa;if dhcp ${kernel_addr_r}; then tftpboot ${fdt_addr_r} dtb/${efi_fdtfile};if fdt addr ${fdt_addr_r}; then bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${fdt_addr_r}; else bootefi ${kernel_addr_r} ${fdtcontroladdr};fi;fi;setenv bootp_vci ${efi_old_vci};setenv bootp_arch ${efi_old_arch};setenv efi_fdtfile;setenv efi_old_arch;setenv efi_old_vci;
bootcmd_mmc0=setenv devnum 0; run mmc_boot
bootcmd_mmc1=setenv devnum 1; run mmc_boot
bootcmd_pxe=dhcp; if pxe get; then pxe boot; fi
bootdelay=2
bootflash=run flashargs; cp ${ramdisk_addr} ${ramdisk_addr_r} ${maxramdisk}; bootm ${kernel_addr} ${ramdisk_addr_r}
console=ttyAMA0,38400n8
cpu=armv7
distro_bootcmd=for target in ${boot_targets}; do run bootcmd_${target}; done
dram=1024M
efi_dtb_prefixes=/ /dtb/ /dtb/current/
ethact=smc911x-0
ethaddr=52:54:00:12:34:56
flashargs=setenv bootargs root=${root} console=${console} mem=${dram} mtdparts=${mtd} mmci.fmax=190000 devtmpfs.mount=0  vmalloc=256M
kernel_addr=0x44100000
kernel_addr_r=0x80008000
load_efi_dtb=load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${fdt_addr_r} ${prefix}${efi_fdtfile}
loadaddr=0x80008000
maxramdisk=0x1800000
mmc_boot=if mmc dev ${devnum}; then setenv devtype mmc; run scan_dev_for_boot_part; fi
mtd=armflash:1M@0x800000(uboot),7M@0x1000000(kernel),24M@0x2000000(initrd)
pxefile_addr_r=0x88000000
ramdisk_addr=0x44800000
ramdisk_addr_r=0x61000000
root=/dev/sda1 rw
scan_dev_for_boot=echo Scanning ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart}...; for prefix in ${boot_prefixes}; do run scan_dev_for_extlinux; run scan_dev_for_scripts; done;run scan_dev_for_efi;
scan_dev_for_boot_part=part list ${devtype} ${devnum} -bootable devplist; env exists devplist || setenv devplist 1; for distro_bootpart in ${devplist}; do if fstype ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} bootfstype; then run scan_dev_for_boot; fi; done
scan_dev_for_efi=setenv efi_fdtfile ${fdtfile}; if test -z "${fdtfile}" -a -n "${soc}"; then setenv efi_fdtfile ${soc}-${board}${boardver}.dtb; fi; for prefix in ${efi_dtb_prefixes}; do if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${prefix}${efi_fdtfile}; then run load_efi_dtb; fi;done;if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} efi/boot/bootarm.efi; then echo Found EFI removable media binary efi/boot/bootarm.efi; run boot_efi_binary; echo EFI LOAD FAILED: continuing...; fi; setenv efi_fdtfile
scan_dev_for_extlinux=if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${prefix}extlinux/extlinux.conf; then echo Found ${prefix}extlinux/extlinux.conf; run boot_extlinux; echo SCRIPT FAILED: continuing...; fi
scan_dev_for_scripts=for script in ${boot_scripts}; do if test -e ${devtype} ${devnum}:${distro_bootpart} ${prefix}${script}; then echo Found U-Boot script ${prefix}${script}; run boot_a_script; echo SCRIPT FAILED: continuing...; fi; done
scriptaddr=0x88000000
stderr=serial
stdin=serial
stdout=serial
vendor=armltd

Environment size: 4076/262140 bytes
=>

四、Linux内核编译

1、解压内核

onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/linux$ ls
linux-4.15.tar.gz
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/linux$ tar -zxf linux-4.15.tar.gz 
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/linux$ ls
linux-4.15  linux-4.15.tar.gz
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/linux$

2、设置编译工具链和平台架构

1、修改前

ARCH		?= $(SUBARCH)
CROSS_COMPILE	?= $(CONFIG_CROSS_COMPILE:"%"=%)

2、修改后

ARCH		?= arm
CROSS_COMPILE	?= /home/onlylove/my/gcc/gcc-linaro-6.5.0/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-

3、设置vexpress_defconfig默认配置

onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/linux/linux-4.15$ pwd
/home/onlylove/my/kernel/linux/linux-4.15
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/linux/linux-4.15$ ls
arch        COPYING        drivers   init     kernel       mm               net      security    usr
block       CREDITS        firmware  ipc      lib          modules.builtin  README   sound       virt
built-in.o  crypto         fs        Kbuild   MAINTAINERS  modules.order    samples  System.map  vmlinux
certs       Documentation  include   Kconfig  Makefile     Module.symvers   scripts  tools       vmlinux.o
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/linux/linux-4.15$ make distclean
  CLEAN   .
  CLEAN   arch/arm/kernel
  CLEAN   arch/arm/vdso
  CLEAN   drivers/tty/vt
  CLEAN   drivers/video/logo
./scripts/gcc-version.sh: line 26: /home/onlylove/my/gcc/gcc-linaro-4.9.4/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc: No such file or directory
./scripts/gcc-version.sh: line 27: /home/onlylove/my/gcc/gcc-linaro-4.9.4/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc: No such file or directory
./scripts/gcc-version.sh: line 26: /home/onlylove/my/gcc/gcc-linaro-4.9.4/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc: No such file or directory
./scripts/gcc-version.sh: line 27: /home/onlylove/my/gcc/gcc-linaro-4.9.4/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc: No such file or directory
  CLEAN   kernel
  CLEAN   lib
  CLEAN   usr
/bin/sh: 1: /home/onlylove/my/gcc/gcc-linaro-4.9.4/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-nm: not found
  CLEAN   arch/arm/boot/compressed
  CLEAN   arch/arm/boot
  CLEAN   .tmp_versions
  CLEAN   scripts/basic
  CLEAN   scripts/dtc
make[2]: /home/onlylove/my/gcc/gcc-linaro-4.9.4/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc: Command not found
  CLEAN   scripts/kconfig
  CLEAN   scripts/mod
  CLEAN   scripts
  CLEAN   include/config include/generated arch/arm/include/generated
  CLEAN   .config .version Module.symvers
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/linux/linux-4.15$ make vexpress_defconfig
  HOSTCC  scripts/basic/fixdep
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/conf.o
  SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c
  SHIPPED scripts/kconfig/zconf.lex.c
  HOSTCC  scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.o
In file included from scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c:2468:
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c: In function ‘conf_write’:
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:773:19: warning: ‘%s’ directive writing likely 7 or more bytes into a region of size between 1 and 4097 [-Wformat-overflow=]
  773 |  sprintf(newname, "%s%s", dirname, basename);
      |                   ^~~~~~
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:773:19: note: assuming directive output of 7 bytes
In file included from /usr/include/stdio.h:867,
                 from scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c:82:
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/stdio2.h:36:10: note: ‘__builtin___sprintf_chk’ output 1 or more bytes (assuming 4104) into a destination of size 4097
   36 |   return __builtin___sprintf_chk (__s, __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL - 1,
      |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   37 |       __bos (__s), __fmt, __va_arg_pack ());
      |       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c:2468:
scripts/kconfig/confdata.c:776:20: warning: ‘.tmpconfig.’ directive writing 11 bytes into a region of size between 1 and 4097 [-Wformat-overflow=]
  776 |   sprintf(tmpname, "%s.tmpconfig.%d", dirname, (int)getpid());
      |                    ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from /usr/include/stdio.h:867,
                 from scripts/kconfig/zconf.tab.c:82:
/usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/bits/stdio2.h:36:10: note: ‘__builtin___sprintf_chk’ output between 13 and 4119 bytes into a destination of size 4097
   36 |   return __builtin___sprintf_chk (__s, __USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL - 1,
      |          ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   37 |       __bos (__s), __fmt, __va_arg_pack ());
      |       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
  HOSTLD  scripts/kconfig/conf
#
# configuration written to .config
#
onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/kernel/linux/linux-4.15$

4、内核编译

make -j4

5、测试

./qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 512M -kernel zImage -append "rdinit=/linuxrc console=ttyAMA0 loglevel=8" -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb -nographic

onlylove@ubuntu:~/my/qemu-lq$ ./qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 512M -kernel zImage -append "rdinit=/linuxrc console=ttyAMA0 loglevel=8" -dtb vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb -nographic
Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
Linux version 4.15.0 (onlylove@ubuntu) (gcc version 6.5.0 (Linaro GCC 6.5-2018.12)) #1 SMP Sat Jun 25 19:45:44 CST 2022
CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc090] revision 0 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d
CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
OF: fdt: Machine model: V2P-CA9
Memory policy: Data cache writeback
On node 0 totalpages: 131072
  Normal zone: 1024 pages used for memmap
  Normal zone: 0 pages reserved
  Normal zone: 131072 pages, LIFO batch:31
CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
percpu: Embedded 16 pages/cpu @(ptrval) s36044 r8192 d21300 u65536
pcpu-alloc: s36044 r8192 d21300 u65536 alloc=16*4096
pcpu-alloc: [0] 0 [0] 1 [0] 2 [0] 3 
Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 130048
Kernel command line: rdinit=/linuxrc console=ttyAMA0 loglevel=8
log_buf_len individual max cpu contribution: 4096 bytes
log_buf_len total cpu_extra contributions: 12288 bytes
log_buf_len min size: 16384 bytes
log_buf_len: 32768 bytes
early log buf free: 15100(92%)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
Memory: 509624K/524288K available (6144K kernel code, 387K rwdata, 1364K rodata, 1024K init, 165K bss, 14664K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
Virtual kernel memory layout:
    vector  : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000   (   4 kB)
    fixmap  : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000   (3072 kB)
    vmalloc : 0xa0800000 - 0xff800000   (1520 MB)
    lowmem  : 0x80000000 - 0xa0000000   ( 512 MB)
    modules : 0x7f000000 - 0x80000000   (  16 MB)
      .text : 0x(ptrval) - 0x(ptrval)   (7136 kB)
      .init : 0x(ptrval) - 0x(ptrval)   (1024 kB)
      .data : 0x(ptrval) - 0x(ptrval)   ( 388 kB)
       .bss : 0x(ptrval) - 0x(ptrval)   ( 166 kB)
SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
Hierarchical RCU implementation.
	RCU event tracing is enabled.
	RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=4.
RCU: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=4
NR_IRQS: 16, nr_irqs: 16, preallocated irqs: 16
GIC CPU mask not found - kernel will fail to boot.
GIC CPU mask not found - kernel will fail to boot.
L2C: platform modifies aux control register: 0x02020000 -> 0x02420000
L2C: DT/platform modifies aux control register: 0x02020000 -> 0x02420000
L2C-310 enabling early BRESP for Cortex-A9
L2C-310 full line of zeros enabled for Cortex-A9
L2C-310 dynamic clock gating disabled, standby mode disabled
L2C-310 cache controller enabled, 8 ways, 128 kB
L2C-310: CACHE_ID 0x410000c8, AUX_CTRL 0x46420001
smp_twd: clock not found -2
sched_clock: 32 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 89478484971ns
clocksource: arm,sp804: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 1911260446275 ns
Failed to initialize '/smb@4000000/motherboard/iofpga@7,00000000/timer@12000': -22
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Calibrating local timer... 93.43MHz.
Calibrating delay loop... 1587.60 BogoMIPS (lpj=7938048)
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000
Setting up static identity map for 0x60100000 - 0x60100060
Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU
SMP: Total of 1 processors activated (1587.60 BogoMIPS).
CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
devtmpfs: initialized
random: get_random_u32 called from bucket_table_alloc+0xf4/0x248 with crng_init=0
VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant 9 rev 0
clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
futex hash table entries: 1024 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
random: fast init done
NET: Registered protocol family 16
DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
cpuidle: using governor ladder
hw-breakpoint: debug architecture 0x4 unsupported.
Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /memory-controller@100e0000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /memory-controller@100e1000
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /watchdog@100e5000
irq: type mismatch, failed to map hwirq-75 for interrupt-controller@1e001000!
10009000.uart: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x10009000 (irq = 38, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
console [ttyAMA0] enabled
1000a000.uart: ttyAMA1 at MMIO 0x1000a000 (irq = 39, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
1000b000.uart: ttyAMA2 at MMIO 0x1000b000 (irq = 40, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
1000c000.uart: ttyAMA3 at MMIO 0x1000c000 (irq = 41, base_baud = 0) is a PL011 rev1
OF: amba_device_add() failed (-19) for /smb@4000000/motherboard/iofpga@7,00000000/wdt@f000
SCSI subsystem initialized
libata version 3.00 loaded.
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
clocksource: Switched to clocksource arm,sp804
NET: Registered protocol family 2
TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
NET: Registered protocol family 1
RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
hw perfevents: enabled with armv7_cortex_a9 PMU driver, 5 counters available
workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=17 bucket_order=0
squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) © 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
9p: Installing v9fs 9p2000 file system support
io scheduler noop registered (default)
io scheduler mq-deadline registered
io scheduler kyber registered
clcd-pl11x 10020000.clcd: PL111 designer 41 rev2 at 0x10020000
clcd-pl11x 10020000.clcd: clcd@10020000 hardware, 1024x768@59 display
Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x48
clcd-pl11x 1001f000.clcd: PL111 designer 41 rev2 at 0x1001f000
clcd-pl11x 1001f000.clcd: clcd@1f000 hardware, 640x480@59 display
40000000.flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000
Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031
Using buffer write method
erase region 0: offset=0x0,size=0x40000,blocks=256
40000000.flash: Found 2 x16 devices at 0x0 in 32-bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000
Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031
Using buffer write method
erase region 0: offset=0x0,size=0x40000,blocks=256
Concatenating MTD devices:
(0): "40000000.flash"
(1): "40000000.flash"
into device "40000000.flash"
libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed
libphy: smsc911x-mdio: probed
smsc911x 4e000000.ethernet eth0: MAC Address: 52:54:00:12:34:56
isp1760 4f000000.usb: bus width: 32, oc: digital
isp1760 4f000000.usb: NXP ISP1760 USB Host Controller
isp1760 4f000000.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
isp1760 4f000000.usb: Scratch test failed.
isp1760 4f000000.usb: can't setup: -19
isp1760 4f000000.usb: USB bus 1 deregistered
usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
rtc-pl031 10017000.rtc: rtc core: registered pl031 as rtc0
mmci-pl18x 10005000.mmci: Got CD GPIO
mmci-pl18x 10005000.mmci: Got WP GPIO
mmci-pl18x 10005000.mmci: mmc0: PL181 manf 41 rev0 at 0x10005000 irq 34,35 (pio)
ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
usbhid: USB HID core driver
aaci-pl041 10004000.aaci: ARM AC'97 Interface PL041 rev0 at 0x10004000, irq 33
aaci-pl041 10004000.aaci: FIFO 512 entries
oprofile: using arm/armv7-ca9
NET: Registered protocol family 17
9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support
Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler
input: AT Raw Set 2 keyboard as /devices/platform/smb@4000000/smb@4000000:motherboard/smb@4000000:motherboard:iofpga@7,00000000/10006000.kmi/serio0/input/input0
rtc-pl031 10017000.rtc: setting system clock to 2022-06-25 12:09:06 UTC (1656158946)
ALSA device list:
  #0: ARM AC'97 Interface PL041 rev0 at 0x10004000, irq 33
input: ImExPS/2 Generic Explorer
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