Matplotlib tutorial(3)

最新推荐文章于 2026-03-19 14:38:28 发布

翻译最新推荐文章于 2026-03-19 14:38:28 发布 · 876 阅读

收录于

matplotlib

本文介绍如何使用Python的Matplotlib库绘制多种类型的图表，包括填充区域图、散点图、条形图、等高线图及饼图等，并提供具体代码实例帮助读者掌握不同图表的绘制技巧。

Other types of plots

Regular Plots

Starting from the code below, try to reproduce the graphic on the right taking care of filled areas:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

n = 256
X = np.linspace(-np.pi,np.pi,n,endpoint=True)
Y = np.sin(2*X)
plt.plot (X, Y+1, color='blue', alpha=1.00)
plt.fill_between(X, 1, Y+1, color='blue', alpha=.25)

plt.plot (X, Y-1, color='blue', alpha=1.00)
plt.fill_between(X, -1, Y-1, (Y-1) > -1, color='blue', alpha=.25)
plt.fill_between(X, -1, Y-1, (Y-1) < -1, color='red',  alpha=.25)
plt.show()

Scatter Plots

Starting from the code below, try to reproduce the graphic on the right taking care of marker size, color and transparency.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

n = 1024
X = np.random.normal(0,1,n)
Y = np.random.normal(0,1,n)
T = np.arctan2(Y,X)

plt.axes=([0,0,1,1])
plt.scatter(X,Y,c=T,alpha=.5)
plt.show()

Bar Plots

Starting from the code below, try to reproduce the graphic on the right by adding labels for red bars.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

n = 12
X = np.arange(n)
Y1 = (1-X/float(n)) * np.random.uniform(0.5,1.0,n)
Y2 = (1-X/float(n)) * np.random.uniform(0.5,1.0,n)
plt.bar(X, +Y1, facecolor='#9999ff', edgecolor='white')
plt.bar(X, -Y2, facecolor='#ff9999', edgecolor='white')

for x, y in zip(X, Y1):
	plt.text(x+0.4, y+0.01, '%.2f' % y, ha = 'center', va = 'bottom')
for x, y in zip(X, -Y2):
	plt.text(x+0.4, y-0.01, '%.2f' % y, ha = 'center', va = 'top')
plt.xlim(-.5,n), plt.xticks([])
plt.ylim(-1.25, +1.25), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

Contour Plots

Starting from the code below, try to reproduce the graphic on the right taking care of the colormap (see Colormaps below).

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def f(x,y):
	return (1-x/2+x**5+y**3)*np.exp(-x**2-y**2)

n = 256
x = np.linspace(-3,3,n)
y = np.linspace(-3,3,n)
X, Y = np.meshgrid(x, y)

plt.axes([0.025,0.025,0.95,0.95])
plt.contourf(X, Y, f(X,Y), 8, alpha=.75, camp=plt.cm.hot)
C = plt.contour(X,Y, f(X,Y),8, colors='black',linewidth=.5)
plt.clabel(C,inline=1,fontsize=10)
plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

Pie Charts

Starting from the code below, try to reproduce the graphic on the right taking care of colors and slices size.

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

n = 20
Z = np.ones(n)
Z[-1] *= 2
plt.pie(Z,explode=Z*.05,colors=['%f' % (i/float(n)) for i in range(n)])
plt.gca().set_aspect('equal')
plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

Grids

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

ax = plt.axes([0.025,0.025,0.95,0.95])

ax.set_xlim(0,4)
ax.set_ylim(0,3)
ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(plt.MultipleLocator(1.0))
ax.xaxis.set_minor_locator(plt.MultipleLocator(0.2))
ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(plt.MultipleLocator(1.0))
ax.yaxis.set_minor_locator(plt.MultipleLocator(0.2))
ax.grid(which='major', axis='x', linewidth=0.75, linestyle='-', color='0.75')
ax.grid(which='minor', axis='x', linewidth=0.25, linestyle='-', color='0.75')
ax.grid(which='major', axis='y', linewidth=0.75, linestyle='-', color='0.75')
ax.grid(which='minor', axis='y', linewidth=0.25, linestyle='-', color='0.75')
ax.set_xticklabels([])
ax.set_yticklabels([])
plt.show()

Multi Plots

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

fig = plt.figure()
fig.subplots_adjust(bottom=0.025, left=0.025, top = 0.975, right=0.975)

plt.subplot(2,1,1)
plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])

plt.subplot(2,3,4)
plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])

plt.subplot(2,3,5)
plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])

plt.subplot(2,3,6)
plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])

# plt.savefig('../figures/multiplot_ex.png',dpi=48)
plt.show()

标签

#Matplotlib #python #numpy