Flink读取Kafka数据下沉到Clickhouse (Java)

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本文介绍如何使用 Apache Flink 进行实时流数据处理，包括从 Kafka 读取 JSON 数据，通过 Flink 进行数据转换处理 (ETL)，最终将处理后的数据写入 Clickhouse 进行 OLAP 分析。

Flink读取Kafka数据下沉到Clickhouse

在实时流数据处理中，我们通常可以采用Flink+Clickhouse的方式做实时的OLAP处理。关于两者的优点就不再赘述，本文采用一个案例来简要介绍一下整体的流程。

整体流程：

向kafka特定主题下导入json格式数据
编写Flink Kafka Comsumer消费主题下的数据
利用Flink算子对数据进行处理(ETL)
将处理后的数据下沉到Clickhouse数据库中

向kafka特定主题下导入json格式数据

在创建好主题后，利用kafka-console-producer.sh命令将预先的JSON格式数据发送到创建好的主题下，比如JSON格式数据：

{"appKey":"mailandroid","deviceId":"1807516f-1cb3-4a6e-8ac1-454d401a5716","version":"1.0","uid":"","dashiUid":"1388f4059f87578418ba2906c5425af5","ua":"","carrier":"中国移动", ...}
{"appKey":"mailios","deviceId":"0B4D45A9-3212-4C38-B58E-1A96792AF297","version":"1.0","uid":"","dashiUid":"c53f631b1d33273f28953893b7383e0a","ua":"Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 15_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/15E148","carrier":"中国移动", ...}
...

写入完成后，可以利用kafka-console-consumer.sh来进行查看对应主题下的数据是否有被写入。

编写Flink Kafka Comsumer消费主题下的数据

在Idea中创建项目来编写代码连接Kafka进行消费。

package com.demo.flink;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.demo.flink.pojo.Mail;
import com.demo.flink.utils.MyClickHouseUtil;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.functions.MapFunction;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.serialization.SimpleStringSchema;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.TimeCharacteristic;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStreamSource;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.SingleOutputStreamOperator;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.connectors.kafka.FlinkKafkaConsumer;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Properties;


public class FlinkSinkClickhouse {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
        env.enableCheckpointing(5000);
        env.setStreamTimeCharacteristic(TimeCharacteristic.EventTime);

        // source
        String topic = "test_process";

        Properties props = new Properties();
		// 设置连接kafka集群的参数
        props.setProperty("bootstrap.servers", "10.224.192.133:9092, 10.224.192.134:9092");
		
        // 定义Flink Kafka Consumer
        FlinkKafkaConsumer<String> consumer = new FlinkKafkaConsumer<String>(topic, new SimpleStringSchema(), props);

        consumer.setStartFromGroupOffsets();
        consumer.setStartFromEarliest();	// 设置每次都从头消费
		
        // 添加source数据流
        DataStreamSource<String> source = env.addSource(consumer);
        System.out.println(source);
        SingleOutputStreamOperator<Mail> dataStream = source.map(new MapFunction<String, Mail>() {
            @Override
            public Mail map(String value) throws Exception {
                HashMap<String, String> hashMap = JSON.parseObject(value, HashMap.class);
                // System.out.println(hashMap);
                String appKey = hashMap.get("appKey");
                String appVersion = hashMap.get("appVersion");
                String deviceId = hashMap.get("deviceId");
                String phone_no = hashMap.get("phone_no");
                Mail mail = new Mail(appKey, appVersion, deviceId, phone_no);
                // System.out.println(mail);
                return mail;
            }
        });
        dataStream.print();

        // sink
        String sql = "INSERT INTO test.ods_countlyV2 (appKey, appVersion, deviceId, phone_no) " +
                "VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)";
        MyClickHouseUtil ckSink = new MyClickHouseUtil(sql);
        dataStream.addSink(ckSink);


        env.execute();

上面利用了Java Flink连接Kafka的方式进行连接，设置了一些初始化和连接必要的参数。最后addSource添加数据流

利用Flink算子对数据进行处理(ETL)

一个简单的ETL过程，使用了Flink的Map算子，在Map算子中编写自己的数据处理逻辑。这里的Mail类是我自己定义的Pojo类，用来封装处理后需要保存的json结果。由于Kafka读取出来的数据是String格式的value，因此利用了fastjson的JSON.parseObject(value, HashMap.class)来转换为HashMap的格式，便于取出我需要的键值对。最后将所需要的键值对封装为MailPojo类进行返回。以此来对数据流做一个简单的ETL过程。

将处理后的数据下沉到Clickhouse数据库中

处理好的数据最后需要下沉到Clickhouse中进行保存和使用。下面给出sink clickhouse的代码

package com.demo.flink.utils;

import com.demo.flink.pojo.Mail;
import org.apache.flink.configuration.Configuration;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.sink.RichSinkFunction;
import ru.yandex.clickhouse.ClickHouseConnection;
import ru.yandex.clickhouse.ClickHouseDataSource;
import ru.yandex.clickhouse.ClickHouseStatement;
import ru.yandex.clickhouse.settings.ClickHouseProperties;
import ru.yandex.clickhouse.settings.ClickHouseQueryParam;


import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class MyClickHouseUtil extends RichSinkFunction<Mail> {
    private ClickHouseConnection conn = null;

    String sql;

    public MyClickHouseUtil(String sql) {
        this.sql = sql;
    }

    @Override
    public void open(Configuration parameters) throws Exception {
        super.open(parameters);
        return ;
    }

    @Override
    public void close() throws Exception {
        super.close();
        if (conn != null)
        {
            conn.close();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void invoke(Mail mail, Context context) throws Exception {

        String url = "jdbc:clickhouse://10.224.192.133:8123/test";
        ClickHouseProperties properties = new ClickHouseProperties();
        properties.setUser("default");
        properties.setPassword("ch20482048");
        properties.setSessionId("default-session-id");

        ClickHouseDataSource dataSource = new ClickHouseDataSource(url, properties);
        Map<ClickHouseQueryParam, String> additionalDBParams = new HashMap<>();

        additionalDBParams.put(ClickHouseQueryParam.SESSION_ID, "new-session-id");

        try {
             conn = dataSource.getConnection();
             PreparedStatement preparedStatement = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
             preparedStatement.setString(1,mail.getAppKey());
             preparedStatement.setString(2, mail.getAppVersion());
             preparedStatement.setString(3, mail.getDeviceId());
             preparedStatement.setString(4, mail.getPhone_no());

             preparedStatement.execute();
        }
        catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

MyClickHouseUtil类继承了RichSinkFunction类。由于前面的Flink算子处理后的数据流类型是Mail类型的，因此RichSinkFunction类的泛型为Mail类型。

接下来就是重写open、close和invode方法。其中最关键的是invoke方法，每sink一条数据，都会调用一次invoke方法。因此invoke方法的第一个参数类型为Mail，也就是Flink算子处理后，需要sink的数据流类型。因此，我们主要的sink逻辑都可以写在这里。

首先定义了一个ClickHouseProperties的对象，用来保存连接Clickhouse所需的参数，比如用户名，密码。接下来，用该properties和url来构造一个连接Clickhouse的DataSource，并从该连接池获取连接conn。最后利用JDBC的prepareStatement，来对写好的SQL中的占位符进行赋值。调用execute方法执行SQL，将处理后的数据流插入到Clickhouse中。

运行后查看Clickhouse中的数据可以发现数据已经被写入到Clickhouse中对应的表中。

在这里插入图片描述

最后给出pom.xml和Mail类的源码：

pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>kafka_flink</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-java</artifactId>
            <version>1.11.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-clients_2.11</artifactId>
            <version>1.11.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-connector-kafka_2.11</artifactId>
            <version>1.11.1</version>
        </dependency>



        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-table-api-java-bridge_2.11</artifactId>
            <version>1.11.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
            <artifactId>flink-streaming-java_2.10</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.59</version>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
            <artifactId>kafka_2.11</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
            <artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 写入数据到clickhouse -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>ru.yandex.clickhouse</groupId>
            <artifactId>clickhouse-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>0.1.54</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

其中最重要的是引入ru.yandex.clickhouse，用来sink clickhouse.

Mail类：

package com.demo.flink.pojo;

public class Mail {
    private String appKey;
    private String appVersion;
    private String deviceId;
    private String phone_no;

    public Mail(String appKey, String appVersion, String deviceId, String phone_no) {
        this.appKey = appKey;
        this.appVersion = appVersion;
        this.deviceId = deviceId;
        this.phone_no = phone_no;
    }

    public String getAppKey() {
        return appKey;
    }

    public void setAppKey(String appKey) {
        this.appKey = appKey;
    }

    public String getAppVersion() {
        return appVersion;
    }

    public void setAppVersion(String appVersion) {
        this.appVersion = appVersion;
    }

    public String getDeviceId() {
        return deviceId;
    }

    public void setDeviceId(String deviceId) {
        this.deviceId = deviceId;
    }

    public String getPhone_no() {
        return phone_no;
    }

    public void setPhone_no(String phone_no) {
        this.phone_no = phone_no;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Mail{" +
                "appKey='" + appKey + '\'' +
                ", appVersion='" + appVersion + '\'' +
                ", deviceId='" + deviceId + '\'' +
                ", phone_no='" + phone_no + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public Mail of(String appKey, String appVersion, String deviceId, String phone_no)
    {
        return new Mail(appKey, appVersion, deviceId, phone_no);
    }
}