LINQ递归用法示例

在.NET 9中，Linq增加了一些新的功能和优化，支持更灵活和高效的递归查询。以下是一个递归查询的高级用法示例，假设我们有一个表示公司组织结构的树形数据结构。我们可以使用Linq递归来查找所有子节点或计算从根节点到特定节点的路径。

示例代码

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public class Employee
{
    public int Id { get; set; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int? ManagerId { get; set; }  // 如果为 null，表示该员工为顶级领导
}

public class Program
{
    // 模拟数据库或数据源
    private static List<Employee> employees = new List<Employee>
    {
        new Employee { Id = 1, Name = "CEO", ManagerId = null },
        new Employee { Id = 2, Name = "VP of Sales", ManagerId = 1 },
        new Employee { Id = 3, Name = "VP of Marketing", ManagerId = 1 },
        new Employee { Id = 4, Name = "Sales Manager", ManagerId = 2 },
        new Employee { Id = 5, Name = "Sales Rep", ManagerId = 4 },
        new Employee { Id = 6, Name = "Marketing Manager", ManagerId = 3 }
    };

    public static void Main()
    {
        // 示例1: 查找所有子节点
        int managerId = 1;  // 从CEO开始查找
        var allSubordinates = GetAllSubordinates(managerId);
        Console.WriteLine("All subordinates:");
        foreach (var emp in allSubordinates)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"- {emp.Name}");
        }

        // 示例2: 获取从CEO到特定员工的路径
        int employeeId = 5; // 查找“Sales Rep”的路径
        var pathToEmployee = GetPathToEmployee(employeeId);
        Console.WriteLine("\nPath to employee:");
        foreach (var emp in pathToEmployee)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"- {emp.Name}");
        }
    }

    // 使用递归的Linq查找所有子节点
    private static IEnumerable<Employee> GetAllSubordinates(int managerId)
    {
        return employees
            .Where(e => e.ManagerId == managerId)
            .SelectMany(e => new[] { e }.Concat(GetAllSubordinates(e.Id)));  // 递归获取子节点
    }

    // 使用递归的Linq获取从根节点到特定节点的路径
    private static IEnumerable<Employee> GetPathToEmployee(int employeeId)
    {
        var employee = employees.FirstOrDefault(e => e.Id == employeeId);
        if (employee == null) yield break;

        foreach (var manager in GetPathToEmployee(employee.ManagerId ?? 0))
            yield return manager;

        yield return employee;
    }
}

代码解释

1. GetAllSubordinates 方法递归查找所有子节点，通过 SelectMany 拼接结果列表。
2. GetPathToEmployee 方法递归查找路径，通过 yield return 构建从根节点到指定节点的路径。

输出结果

运行上面的代码，将会输出类似以下内容：

All subordinates:
- VP of Sales
- Sales Manager
- Sales Rep
- VP of Marketing
- Marketing Manager

Path to employee:
- CEO
- VP of Sales
- Sales Manager
- Sales Rep

这样，通过Linq递归，可以轻松构建复杂的组织结构查询逻辑。