R语言的数据类型

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-07 11:42:39 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2025-03-07 11:42:39 发布 · 383 阅读

1 ·

本内容遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议

收录于

R语言与数据挖掘

本文主要介绍了R语言中如何生成数据以及进行强制类型转换，包括使用数值函数创建数据，以及数据框和矩阵的创建与操作。对于R语言初学者，理解这些基本数据类型的操作至关重要。

生成数据

> numeric(25)
 [1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
[24] 0 0
> character(25)
 [1] "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" ""
[16] "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" ""
> logical(25)
 [1] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
 [8] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
[15] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
[22] FALSE FALSE FALSE FALSE
> seq(-4,4,0.1)
 [1] -4.0 -3.9 -3.8 -3.7 -3.6 -3.5 -3.4 -3.3 -3.2
[10] -3.1 -3.0 -2.9 -2.8 -2.7 -2.6 -2.5 -2.4 -2.3
[19] -2.2 -2.1 -2.0 -1.9 -1.8 -1.7 -1.6 -1.5 -1.4
[28] -1.3 -1.2 -1.1 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5
[37] -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1  0.0  0.1  0.2  0.3  0.4
[46]  0.5  0.6  0.7  0.8  0.9  1.0  1.1  1.2  1.3
[55]  1.4  1.5  1.6  1.7  1.8  1.9  2.0  2.1  2.2
[64]  2.3  2.4  2.5  2.6  2.7  2.8  2.9  3.0  3.1
[73]  3.2  3.3  3.4  3.5  3.6  3.7  3.8  3.9  4.0
> 1:10
 [1]  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9 10
> rep(1,10)
 [1] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
> gl(3,2,12)
 [1] 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
Levels: 1 2 3

强制类型转换

> x <- gl(3,2,12)
> as.numeric(x)
 [1] 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
> as.character(x)
 [1] "1" "1" "2" "2" "3" "3" "1" "1" "2" "2" "3"
[12] "3"
> as.logical()
logical(0)
> as.logical(x)
 [1] NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
> factor(x)
 [1] 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 1 2 2 3 3
Levels: 1 2 3

数值函数

> x <- c(1,2,3,4,5)
> min(x)
[1] 1
> max(x)
[1] 5
> range(x)
[1] 1 5
> pmin(x)  # 对多个等长向量求平行(逐个的)最小值
[1] 1 2 3 4 5
> pmax(x)  # 平行最大值
[1] 1 2 3 4 5

> length(x)
[1] 5
> sum(complete.cases(x)) # 向量中的非缺失的个数
[1] 5

> x[1]
[1] 1
> x[1:5]
[1] 1 2 3 4 5
> x[c(1,3)]
[1] 1 3

数据框与矩阵

> data.frame(height = c(165,185),weights = c(90,65))
  height weights
1    165      90
2    185      65

> height = c(165,185)
> weights = c(90,65)
> data.frame(height,weights)
  height weights
1    165      90
2    185      65

> attach(lung)
> head(lung)
  volume method subject
1    3.3      A       1
2    3.1      B       1
3    4.0      C       1
4    2.5      A       2
5    2.6      B       2
6    2.8      C       2
> lung[2,]
  volume method subject
2    3.1      B       1
> lung[,2]
 [1] A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C
Levels: A B C
> subset(lung,volume <3.0)
   volume method subject
4     2.5      A       2
5     2.6      B       2
6     2.8      C       2
13    2.8      A       5
16    2.9      A       6
17    2.8      B       6
18    2.9      C       6