Java 小例子：简单秒表

这是一个简单的秒表。看起来很简单，但是这里有一个设计上的问题。一般初学者会创建一个循环的线程讲一个整数叠加，该线程隔一段时间暂停一下，比如暂停 10 毫秒，然后往这个整数上加 10。

这样设计的问题在于，线程的暂停和继续，以及计数和显示都是要花费时间的。所以这样的程序运行越久，误差就会越大。下面这个例子就是经过改良的，能够将时间误差维持在极低的水平上。

import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.HeadlessException; import java.awt.BorderLayout; import java.awt.FlowLayout; import java.awt.Font; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; /** * 小小的计时器 */ public class TimerFrame extends JFrame { private static final String INITIAL_LABEL_TEXT = "00:00:00 000"; // 计数线程 private CountingThread thread = new CountingThread(); // 记录程序开始时间 private long programStart = System.currentTimeMillis(); // 程序一开始就是暂停的 private long pauseStart = programStart; // 程序暂停的总时间 private long pauseCount = 0; private JLabel label = new JLabel(INITIAL_LABEL_TEXT); private JButton startPauseButton = new JButton("开始"); private JButton resetButton = new JButton("清零"); private ActionListener startPauseButtonListener = new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { if (thread.stopped) { pauseCount += (System.currentTimeMillis() - pauseStart); thread.stopped = false; startPauseButton.setText("暂停"); } else { pauseStart = System.currentTimeMillis(); thread.stopped = true; startPauseButton.setText("继续"); } } }; private ActionListener resetButtonListener = new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { pauseStart = programStart; pauseCount = 0; thread.stopped = true; label.setText(INITIAL_LABEL_TEXT); startPauseButton.setText("开始"); } }; public TimerFrame(String title) throws HeadlessException { super(title); setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE); setLocation(200, 200); setResizable(false); setupBorder(); setupLabel(); setupButtonsPanel(); startPauseButton.addActionListener(startPauseButtonListener); resetButton.addActionListener(resetButtonListener); thread.start(); // 计数线程一直就运行着 } // 为窗体面板添加边框 private void setupBorder() { JPanel contentPane = new JPanel(new BorderLayout()); contentPane.setBorder(BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5)); this.setContentPane(contentPane); } // 配置按钮 private void setupButtonsPanel() { JPanel panel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout()); panel.add(startPauseButton); panel.add(resetButton); add(panel, BorderLayout.SOUTH); } // 配置标签 private void setupLabel() { label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER); label.setFont(new Font(label.getFont().getName(), label.getFont().getStyle(), 40)); this.add(label, BorderLayout.CENTER); } // 程序入口 public static void main(String[] args) { try { UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } TimerFrame frame = new TimerFrame("小小计时器"); frame.pack(); frame.setVisible(true); } private class CountingThread extends Thread { public boolean stopped = true; private CountingThread() { setDaemon(true); } @Override public void run() { while (true) { if (!stopped) { long elapsed = System.currentTimeMillis() - programStart - pauseCount; label.setText(format(elapsed)); } try { sleep(17); // 使时钟显得更乱 } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.exit(1); } } } // 将毫秒数格式化 private String format(long elapsed) { int hour, minute, second, milli; milli = (int) (elapsed % 1000); elapsed = elapsed / 1000; second = (int) (elapsed % 60); elapsed = elapsed / 60; minute = (int) (elapsed % 60); elapsed = elapsed / 60; hour = (int) (elapsed % 60); return String.format("%02d:%02d:%02d %03d", hour, minute, second, milli); } } }