Python基础-字典1-dictionary1.py

Python基础-字典1-dictionary1.py

# ~ coding=UTF-8

# ~ 简单的字典
# ~ 字典是一系列键-值对
alien_0 = {'color':'green','points':5}#两个键值对
# ~ 访问字典中的值
print(alien_0['color'])
print(alien_0['points'])

new_points = alien_0['points']
print("you just earned " + str(new_points) + " points!")

# ~ 添加键值对
alien_0['x_position'] = 0
alien_0['y_position'] = 25
print(alien_0)

# ~ 创建一个空字典
alien_1 = {}
alien_1['color'] = 'red'
alien_1['points'] = 10
print(alien_1)

# ~ 修改字典中的值
alien_1['color'] = 'yellow'
print(alien_1)

alien_1['x_position'] = 0
alien_1['y_position'] = 25
alien_1['speed'] = 'medium'
print("Original x-position: " + str(alien_1['x_position']))
if alien_1['speed'] == 'slow':
	x_increment = 1
elif alien_1['speed'] == 'medium':
	x_increment = 2
else:
	x_increment = 3
alien_1['x_position'] = alien_1['x_position'] + x_increment
print("New x-position: " + str(alien_1['x_position']))

# ~ 删除键值对
alien_2 = {'color':'green','points':5}
print(alien_2)
del alien_2['points']
print(alien_2)

# ~ 字典可以存储一个对象（外星人）的多种信息，也可以存储众多对象的同一种信息，例如：
favorite_language = {
	'jen':'python',
	'sarah':'c',
	'edward':'ruby',
	'phil':'python',#在最后一个键值对后添加逗号，为以后的在下一行添加键值对做准备
	}
# ~ print(favorite_language)
print("Sarah's favorite language is " +
	favorite_language['sarah'].title() + ".")

# ~ 遍历键值对
user_0 = {
	'username':'efermi',
	'first':'enrico',
	'last':'fermi',
	}
# ~ for循环遍历字典
#键值对的返回顺序与存储顺序不同，Python不关心键值对的存储顺序，而只跟踪键与值之间的关联关系
for k,v in user_0.items():
	print("\nKey: " + k)
	print("Value： " + v)

for name,language in favorite_language.items():
	print(name.title() + "'s favorite language is " + 
		language.title() + ".")
		
# ~ 遍历字典中的所有键
for name in favorite_language.keys():
	print(name.title())
# ~ for name in favorite_language:#默认遍历所有键
	# ~ print(name.title())

friends = ['phil','sarah']
for name in favorite_language.keys():
	print(name.title())
	if name in friends:
		print(" Hi " + name.title() +
			", I see your favorite language is " + 
			favorite_language[name].title() + ".")

# ~ 按顺序遍历字典中的所有键
for name in sorted(favorite_language.keys()):
	print(name.title() + ", thanks!")

# ~ 遍历字典中的所有值
for language in favorite_language.values():
	print(language.title())
# ~ 使用集合使提取的值不重复
# ~ 集合类似于列表，但每个元素都必须是独一无二的
for language in set(favorite_language.values()):
	print(language.title())