Java 8 –数学精确示例

Java 8在Math类中引入了新方法，该方法将抛出ArithmeticException来处理溢出。 这些方法包括addExact ， substractExact ， multiplyExact ， incrementExact ， decrementExact和negateExact与int和long争论。 另外，还有一个静态的toIntExact方法将一个long值转换为一个也会引发ArithmeticException的int 。

在Java 8之前，程序员必须手动调试才能在溢出的代码中查找变量。 我很高兴发现Java 8引入了一组新的方法，这些方法在结果溢出时会引发异常。 对于许多开发人员而言，此更改不会产生重大影响，但是对于像我这样谦虚的开发人员而言，这肯定会影响花时间抓挠我们的头来理解为什么错误的结果，或者必须采取复杂的预防措施来避免溢出。

1. Math.multiplyExact

本示例说明了普通乘法与新multiplyExact之间的区别

package com.mkyong.exactmethods;

package com.mkyong;

public class MultiplyExact {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int x = Integer.MAX_VALUE; //( = 2 147 483 647)
        int y = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        Object z;

        System.out.println("---Before Java 8---");
        z = x * y;
        System.out.println("z : " + z);

        System.out.println("\n---Since Java 8---");
        try {

            z = Math.multiplyExact(x, y);

        } catch (ArithmeticException e) {

            System.out.println(e.getMessage()); //Java 8 throws integer overflow

            z = Math.multiplyExact((long) x, (long) y);
            System.out.println("z : " + z);
        }

        if (z instanceof Long) {
            System.out.println("\n> yuuuup z is Long");
        }
    }
}

输出：

---Before Java 8---
z : 1

---Since Java 8---
integer overflow
z : 4611686014132420609

> yuuuup z is Long

2.检测并处理溢出

我们处理integer溢出并确定long溢出的示例。

package com.mkyong.exactmethods;

public class MultiplyExact2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        int x = 1000000;
        int y = 1000000;
        long a = Long.MAX_VALUE; //( = 9 223 372 036 854 775 807)
        long b = Long.MAX_VALUE;
        Object z, c;

        System.out.println("---Before Java 8---");
        z = x * y;
        c = a * b;
        System.out.println("z : " + z);
        System.out.println("c : " + c);

        System.out.println("\n---Since Java 8---");
        try {
            z = Math.multiplyExact(x, y);
            c = Math.multiplyExact(a, b);
        } catch (ArithmeticException e) {
            try {
                z = Math.multiplyExact((long) x, (long) y);
                c = null;
            } catch (ArithmeticException ex) {
                z = null;
            }
        }

        if (z instanceof Integer) {
            System.out.println("z is instance of Integer: " + z);
        }
        if (z instanceof Long) {
            System.out.println("z is instance of Long: " + z);
        } else {
            System.out.println("Overflow for z");
        }

        if (c instanceof Integer) {
            System.out.println("Instance of Integer: " + c);
        }
        if (c instanceof Long) {
            System.out.println("Instance of Long: " + c);
        } else {
            System.out.println("Overflow for c");
        }
    }
}

输出：

---Before Java 8---
z : -727379968
c : 1

---Since Java 8---
z is instance of Long: 1000000000000
Overflow for c

3.所有xxxExact方法

演示所有新xxxExact方法的示例

package com.mkyong.exactmethods;

public class AllExactMethods {
	
	public static void main(String[] args){
		int x = 10000;
		int y = 10000;
		Object z;
		
		z = Math.addExact(x, y);
		System.out.println("addExact: " + x + " + " + y + " = " + z);
		z = Math.subtractExact(x, y);
		System.out.println("subtractExact: " + x + " - " + y + " = " + z);
		z = Math.multiplyExact(x, y);
		System.out.println("multiplyExact: " + x + " * " + y + " = " + z);
		z = Math.incrementExact(x);
		System.out.println("incrementExact: " + x + " + 1 = " + z);
		z = Math.decrementExact(y);
		System.out.println("decrementExact: " + y + " - 1 = " + z);
		z = Math.negateExact(x);
		System.out.println("negateExact: " + x + " * -1 = " + z);
	}
}

输出：

addExact: 10000 + 10000 = 20000
subtractExact: 10000 - 10000 = 0
multiplyExact: 10000 * 10000 = 100000000
incrementExact: 10000 + 1 = 10001
decrementExact: 10000 - 1 = 9999
negateExact: 10000 * -1 = -10000

参考文献

1. Raoul-Gabriel Urma，Mario Fusco和Alan Mycroft撰写的“ Java 8 in Action”
2. 数学– Java 8 API

翻译自: https://mkyong.com/java8/java-8-math-exact-examples/