sed基本用法介绍1

sed常用语对文本流进行处理，以行为单位进行筛选，

格式：   sed  options   script  file

常用参数：

-e    表示多个命令，命令之间用分号分隔

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# cat data
this is a test of the test script
this is the second test of the test script
this is a different line
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# sed -e 's/test/trial/;s/this/that/' data
that is a trial of the test script
that is the second trial of the test script
that is a different line
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh#

   -f    用于将多个sed命令放在文件当中，可以重复多次使用

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# cat data
this is a test of the test script
this is the second test of the test script
this is a different line
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# cat script
s/test/trial/
s/this/that/
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# sed -f script data
that is a trial of the test script
that is the second trial of the test script
that is a different line
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh#

-n       不显示未被处理 的文本行，常于p 连用

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# cat data
this is a test of the test script
this is the second test of the test script
this is a different line
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# sed -n 's/test/trial/p' data
this is a trial of the test script
this is the second trial of the test script
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh#

现在解释sed更多的替换选项
part  1

替换标记，正如前面的s参数指示sed进行替换，可以发现它只替换当行第一个匹配项，这时我们可以在最后的正斜杆后面指示替换的位置和要求

数字：表示心文本替换的模式；

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# cat data
this is a test of the test script
this is the second test of the test script
this is a different line
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# sed 's/test/trial/2' data
this is a test of the trial script
this is the second test of the trial script
this is a different line
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# clear

g:表示用于新文本替换现有文本的所有实例

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# cat data
this is a test of the test script
this is the second test of the test script
this is a different line
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# sed 's/test/trial/g' data
this is a trial of the trial script
this is the second trial of the trial script
this is a different line
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# clear

p:表示打印原始行的内容

w：表示替换的结果写入文件

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# cat data
this is a test of the test script
this is the second test of the test script
this is a different line
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# sed 's/test/trial/w test' data
this is a trial of the test script
this is the second trial of the test script
this is a different line
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# cat test
this is a trial of the test script
this is the second trial of the test script
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh#

可能在实际的使用当中会遇到正斜杆，这时可以使用转义的方式来解决，但是sed提供更为简便的方法，就是使用！作为界限符

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# sed -n 's/\/bin\/bash/\/bin\/csh/p' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/csh
jiangjian:x:1000:1000:I am the owner :/home/jiangjian:/bin/csh
guest-w2woWH:x:115:125:Guest,,,:/tmp/guest-w2woWH:/bin/csh
fangjuan:x:1001:1001:,,,:/home/fangjuan:/bin/csh
bob:x:1002:1002:,,,:/home/bob:/bin/csh
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# 

使用！做为界限符

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# sed -n 's!/bin/bash!/bin/csh!p' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/csh
jiangjian:x:1000:1000:I am the owner :/home/jiangjian:/bin/csh
guest-w2woWH:x:115:125:Guest,,,:/tmp/guest-w2woWH:/bin/csh
fangjuan:x:1001:1001:,,,:/home/fangjuan:/bin/csh
bob:x:1002:1002:,,,:/home/bob:/bin/csh
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh#

part2  使用地址

默认情况下sed处理的是整个文件的所有行，当我们在实际使用当中没有必要进行全部的处理，就必须使用地址项来指定所有的处理，这里提供了两种方式：

1  行的数值范围

2  筛选行的文本模式

格式：

[ address]   command

可以将多个命令组合在一起，应用与一个特定的地址

address {

       command1

       command2

       command3

}

详解如下：

数字式行寻址

//单地址指定方式

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# cat data
this is a test of the test script
this is the second test of the test script
this is a different line
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# sed '2s/test/trial/' data
this is a test of the test script
this is the second trial of the test script
this is a different line
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh#

//多地址指定方式

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# cat data
this is a test of the test script
this is the second test of the test script
this is a different line
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# sed '2,3s/this/that/' data
this is a test of the test script
that is the second test of the test script
that is a different line
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh#

//从指定行到行尾

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# cat data
this is a test of the test script
this is the second test of the test script
this is a different line
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# sed '1,$s/this/that/' data
that is a test of the test script
that is the second test of the test script
that is a different line
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# 

使用文本模式筛选器

命令格式:    /pattern/command

eg

root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh# sed -n '/root/s/bash/csh/p' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/csh
root@jiangjian-K42JZ:/home/jiangjian/sh#