PAT1015： Letter-moving Game（LCS）

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本文介绍了一种名为Letter-moving的游戏，玩家需要通过移动字符将一个字符串转换为另一个字符串。文章详细解析了如何利用动态规划算法求解两字符串间的最长匹配序列，从而计算出最少移动步骤。

1015. Letter-moving Game (35)

时间限制

200 ms

内存限制

65536 kB

代码长度限制

8000 B

判题程序

Standard

作者

CAO, Peng

Here is a simple intersting letter-moving game. The game starts with 2 strings S and T consist of lower case English letters. S and T contain the same letters but the orders might be different. In other words S can be obtained by shuffling letters in String T. At each step, you can move one arbitrary letter in S either to the beginning or to the end of it. How many steps at least to change S into T?

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. For each case, the first line contains the string S, and the second line contains the string T. They consist of only the lower case English letters and S can be obtained by shuffling T's letters. The length of S is no larger than 1000.

Output Specification:

For each case, print in a line the least number of steps to change S into T in the game.

Sample Input:

iononmrogdg
goodmorning

Sample Output:

Sample Solution:

(0) starts from iononmrogdg
(1) Move the last g to the beginning: giononmrogd
(2) Move m to the end: giononrogdm
(3) Move the first o to the end: ginonrogdmo
(4) Move r to the end: ginonogdmor
(5) Move the first n to the end: gionogdmorn
(6) Move i to the end: gonogdmorni
(7) Move the first n to the end: googdmornin
(8) Move the second g to the end: goodmorning

可以转化为求最少移动几个字符，即几个字符不需要动，显然是求两个字符串的最长匹配，在S中为序列，在T中为子串，参考LCS的方程可得:

# include <stdio.h>
# include <string.h>
int max(int a, int b){return a>b?a:b;}
int dp[1008][1008];
int main()
{
    int len, i, j, imax;
    char s[1008], t[1008];
    while(~scanf("%s%s",s+1,t+1))
    {
        imax = -1;
        len = strlen(s+1);
        memset(dp, 0, sizeof(dp));
        for(i=1; i<=len; ++i)
            for(j=1; j<=len; ++j)
            {
                if(t[i]==s[j])
                    dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j-1] + 1;
                else
                    dp[i][j] = dp[i][j-1];
                imax = max(imax, dp[i][j]);
            }
        printf("%d\n",len-imax);
    }
    return 0;
}