AOJ2170 Marked Ancestor 并查集

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------------解题报告------------- 同时被 3 个专栏收录

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本文介绍了一种在树形结构中进行标记与查询操作的算法实现。该算法使用并查集来高效处理节点的标记与查询最近已标记祖先的问题，并通过优化避免了大量输出。输入包括节点数量、操作数量及节点间的关系。

You are given a tree T that consists of N nodes. Each node is numbered from 1 to N, and node 1 is always the root node of T. Consider the following two operations on T:

M v: (Mark) Mark node v.
Q v: (Query) Print the index of the nearest marked ancestor of node v which is nearest to it. Initially, only the root node is marked.

Your job is to write a program that performs a sequence of these operations on a given tree and calculates the value that each Q operation will print. To avoid too large output file, your program is requested to print the sum of the outputs of all query operations. Note that the judges confirmed that it is possible to calculate every output of query operations in a given sequence.

Input

The input consists of multiple datasets. Each dataset has the following format:

The first line of the input contains two integers N and Q, which denotes the number of nodes in the tree T and the number of operations, respectively. These numbers meet the following conditions: 1 ≤ N ≤ 100000 and 1 ≤ Q ≤ 100000.

The following N - 1 lines describe the configuration of the tree T. Each line contains a single integer p_i(i = 2, ... , N), which represents the index of the parent of i-th node.

The next Q lines contain operations in order. Each operation is formatted as "M v" or "Q v", where v is the index of a node.

The last dataset is followed by a line containing two zeros. This line is not a part of any dataset and should not be processed.

Output

For each dataset, print the sum of the outputs of all query operations in one line.

Sample Input

Output for the Sample Input

并查集改一改

发现了一个日本oj吼吼吼，感觉他们的界面很日式浮夸。。。

/*
 ━━━━━┒
 ┓┏┓┏┓┃μ'sic foever!!
 ┛┗┛┗┛┃＼○／
 ┓┏┓┏┓┃ /
 ┛┗┛┗┛┃ノ)
 ┓┏┓┏┓┃
 ┛┗┛┗┛┃
 ┓┏┓┏┓┃
 ┛┗┛┗┛┃
 ┓┏┓┏┓┃
 ┛┗┛┗┛┃
 ┓┏┓┏┓┃
 ┃┃┃┃┃┃
 ┻┻┻┻┻┻
 */
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <map>
#include <stack>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;
const int maxn=1e5+10;
bool vis[maxn];
int pre[maxn];
long long res;
bool flag;
int find(int x){
    int r = x;
    while(pre[r]!=r){
        if(!flag&&vis[pre[r]]){
            res += pre[r];
            flag = true;
            return -1;
        }
        r = pre[r];
    }
    return r;
}
void join(int a,int b){
    pre[b]=a;
}
int main(){
    int n,q,i,j,a,b;
    char op;
    while(~scanf("%d%d",&n,&q)&&n&&q){
        res = 0;
        memset(vis, false, sizeof(vis));
        for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
            pre[i] = i;
        }
        for(i=2;i<=n;i++){
            scanf("%d",&a);
            join(a,i);
        }
        getchar();
        for(i=1;i<=q;i++){
            scanf("%c %d",&op,&a);
            if(op=='Q'){
                if(!vis[a]){
                    flag = false;
                    if(find(a)==-1){
                        
                    }else{
                        res += 1;
                    }
                }else{
                    res += a;
                }
            }else{
                vis[a] = true;
            }
            getchar();
        }
        printf("%lld\n",res);
    }
    return 0;
}