Java实现HTTP请求

最新推荐文章于 2025-05-17 14:43:21 发布

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本文介绍如何使用Spring的RestTemplate和Apache HttpClient组件发送HTTP请求。通过具体示例展示了利用Spring框架内的RestTemplate进行GET请求的方法，并介绍了Apache HttpClient组件的引入及其实现POST请求的步骤。

一、利用RestTemplate来实现

RestTemplate是spring-web封装的一个请求类，基本可以满足一般业务需求。

private static RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
public static final HttpHeaders jsonAndXml;

    static {
        jsonAndXml = new HttpHeaders();
        jsonAndXml.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8);
        List<MediaType> mediaTypeList = new ArrayList<MediaType>();
        mediaTypeList.add(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML);
        jsonAndXml.setAccept(mediaTypeList);
    }
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
String response = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.GET, new HttpEntity<>(jsonAndXml), String.class).getBody();

除了exchange外，RestTemplate有许多可供开发者调用的接口，如传路径变量，参数等。

二、利用apache httpcomponents组件实现

1.导包

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.1</version>
</dependency>

2.实现

HttpEntity body = new StringEntity(new Gson().toJson(root), ContentType.create("application/json", Consts.UTF_8));

DefaultBHttpClientConnection conn = null;
        try {
            HttpProcessor httpProcessor = HttpProcessorBuilder.create().add(new RequestContent()).add(new RequestTargetHost()).add(new RequestConnControl())
                                                              .add(new RequestUserAgent("Test/1.1")).add(new RequestExpectContinue(true)).build();
            HttpRequestExecutor httpRequestExecutor = new HttpRequestExecutor();

            HttpCoreContext coreContext = new HttpCoreContext();

            HttpHost host = new HttpHost(HOST, PORT);

            coreContext.setTargetHost(host);

            conn = new DefaultBHttpClientConnection(8 * 1024);

            ConnectionReuseStrategy connectionReuseStrategy = DefaultConnectionReuseStrategy.INSTANCE;

                if (!conn.isOpen()) {
                    Socket socket = new Socket(host.getHostName(), host.getPort());
                    conn.bind(socket);
                }

                BasicHttpEntityEnclosingRequest request = new BasicHttpEntityEnclosingRequest("POST", url);
                request.setEntity(body);

                System.out.println("URL:" + request.getRequestLine().getUri());

                httpRequestExecutor.preProcess(request, httpProcessor, coreContext);

                HttpResponse response = httpRequestExecutor.execute(request, conn, coreContext);

                httpRequestExecutor.postProcess(response, httpProcessor, coreContext);

                System.out.println("响应：" + response.getStatusLine());
                System.out.println("响应的body" + EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity()));
                System.out.println("====结束====");

                if (!connectionReuseStrategy.keepAlive(response, coreContext)) conn.close();
                else System.out.println("保持链接");


        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }