Java文件操作大全(绝对的经典,值得收藏!)

本文详细介绍如何使用Java进行文件和文件夹的基本操作,包括创建、删除、复制、移动等,并提供了实用的代码示例。

1.创建文件夹

File myFolderPath = new File(str1); 
try { 
    if (!myFolderPath.exists()) { 
       myFolderPath.mkdir(); 
    } 
} 
catch (Exception e) { 
    System.out.println("新建目录操作出错"); 
    e.printStackTrace(); 
} 

2.创建文件

File myFilePath = new File(str1); 
try { 
    if (!myFilePath.exists()) { 
        myFilePath.createNewFile(); 
    } 
    FileWriter resultFile = new FileWriter(myFilePath); 
    PrintWriter myFile = new PrintWriter(resultFile); 
    myFile.println(str2); 
    resultFile.close(); 
} 
catch (Exception e) { 
    System.out.println("新建文件操作出错"); 
    e.printStackTrace(); 
}  

3.删除文件

File myDelFile = new File(str1); 
try { 
    myDelFile.delete(); 
} 
catch (Exception e) { 
    System.out.println("删除文件操作出错"); 
    e.printStackTrace(); 
}  

4.删除文件夹

File delFolderPath = new File(str1); 
try { 
    delFolderPath.delete(); //删除空文件夹 
} 
catch (Exception e) { 
    System.out.println("删除文件夹操作出错"); 
    e.printStackTrace(); 
}  

5.删除一个文件下夹所有的文件夹

File delfile=new File(str1); 
File[] files=delfile.listFiles(); 
for(int i=0;i<files.length;i++){ 
    if(files[i].isDirectory()){ 
        files[i].delete(); 
    } 
}   

6.清空文件夹

File delfilefolder=new File(str1); 
try { 
    if (!delfilefolder.exists()) { 
        delfilefolder.delete(); 
    } 
    delfilefolder.mkdir(); 
} 
catch (Exception e) { 
    System.out.println("清空目录操作出错"); 
    e.printStackTrace(); 
}  

7.读取文件

// 逐行读取数据 
FileReader fr = new FileReader(str1); 
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr); 
String str2 = br.readLine(); 
while (str2 != null) { 
    str3 
    str2 = br.readLine(); 
} 
br.close(); 
fr.close();  

8.写入文件

// 将数据写入文件 
try { 
    FileWriter fw = new FileWriter(str1); 
    fw.write(str2); 
    fw.flush(); 
    fw.close();  
} catch (IOException e) { 
    e.printStackTrace(); 
} 

9.写入随机文件

try { 
    RandomAcessFile logFile=new RandomAcessFile(str1,"rw"); 
    long lg=logFile.length(); 
    logFile.seek(str2); 
    logFile.writeByte(str3); 
}catch(IOException ioe){ 
    System.out.println("无法写入文件:"+ioe.getMessage()); 
}  

10.读取文件属性

// 文件属性的取得 
File f = new File(str1); 
if (af.exists()) { 
    System.out.println(f.getName() + "的属性如下: 文件长度为:" + f.length()); 
    System.out.println(f.isFile() ? "是文件" : "不是文件"); 
    System.out.println(f.isDirectory() ? "是目录" : "不是目录"); 
    System.out.println(f.canRead() ? "可读取" : "不"); 
    System.out.println(f.canWrite() ? "是隐藏文件" : ""); 
    System.out.println("文件夹的最后修改日期为:" + new Date(f.lastModified())); 
    } else { 
    System.out.println(f.getName() + "的属性如下:"); 
    System.out.println(f.isFile() ? "是文件" : "不是文件"); 
    System.out.println(f.isDirectory() ? "是目录" : "不是目录"); 
    System.out.println(f.canRead() ? "可读取" : "不"); 
    System.out.println(f.canWrite() ? "是隐藏文件" : ""); 
    System.out.println("文件的最后修改日期为:" + new Date(f.lastModified())); 
} 

11.写入属性

File filereadonly=new File(str1); 
try { 
    boolean b=filereadonly.setReadOnly(); 
} 
catch (Exception e) { 
    System.out.println("拒绝写访问:"+e.printStackTrace()); 
}  

12.枚举一个文件夹中的所有文件

LinkedList<String> folderList = new LinkedList<String>(); 
folderList.add(str1); 
while (folderList.size() > 0) { 
    File file = new File(folderList.peek()); 
    folderList.removeLast(); 
    File[] files = file.listFiles(); 
    ArrayList<File> fileList = new ArrayList<File>(); 
    for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++) { 
        if (files[i].isDirectory()) { 
            folderList.add(files[i].getPath()); 
        } else { 
            fileList.add(files[i]); 
        } 
    } 
    for (File f : fileList) { 
        str2=f.getAbsoluteFile(); 
        str3 
    } 
} 

13.复制文件夹

LinkedList<String> folderList = new LinkedList<String>(); 
folderList.add(str1); 
LinkedList<String> folderList2 = new LinkedList<String>(); 
folderList2.add(str2+ str1.substring(str1.lastIndexOf("\\"))); 
while (folderList.size() > 0) { 
    (new File(folderList2.peek())).mkdirs(); // 如果文件夹不存在 则建立新文件夹 
    File folders = new File(folderList.peek()); 
    String[] file = folders.list(); 
    File temp = null; 
    try { 
        for (int i = 0; i < file.length; i++) { 
            if (folderList.peek().endsWith(File.separator)) { 
                temp = new File(folderList.peek() + File.separator 
                + file[i]); 
            } else { 
                temp = new File(folderList.peek() + File.separator + file[i]); 
            } 
            if (temp.isFile()) { 
                FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(temp); 
                FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream( 
                folderList2.peek() + File.separator + (temp.getName()).toString()); 
                byte[] b = new byte[5120]; 
                int len; 
                while ((len = input.read(b)) != -1) { 
                    output.write(b, 0, len); 
                } 
                output.flush(); 
                output.close(); 
                input.close(); 
            } 
            if (temp.isDirectory()) {// 如果是子文件夹 
                for (File f : temp.listFiles()) { 
                    if (f.isDirectory()) { 
                        folderList.add(f.getPath()); 
                        folderList2.add(folderList2.peek() 
                        + File.separator + f.getName()); 
                    } 
                } 
            } 
        } 
    } catch (Exception e) { 
    //System.out.println("复制整个文件夹内容操作出错"); 
        e.printStackTrace(); 
    } 
    folderList.removeFirst(); 
    folderList2.removeFirst(); 
} 

14.复制一个文件夹下所有的文件夹到另一个文件夹下

File copyfolders=new File(str1); 
File[] copyfoldersList=copyfolders.listFiles(); 
for(int k=0;k<copyfoldersList.length;k++){ 
    if(copyfoldersList[k].isDirectory()){ 
        ArrayList<String>folderList=new ArrayList<String>(); 
        folderList.add(copyfoldersList[k].getPath()); 
        ArrayList<String>folderList2=new ArrayList<String>(); 
        folderList2.add(str2+"/"+copyfoldersList[k].getName()); 
        for(int j=0;j<folderList.length;j++){ 
             (new File(folderList2.get(j))).mkdirs(); //如果文件夹不存在 则建立新文件夹 
             File folders=new File(folderList.get(j)); 
             String[] file=folders.list(); 
             File temp=null; 
             try { 
                 for (int i = 0; i < file.length; i++) { 
                     if(folderList.get(j).endsWith(File.separator)){ 
                         temp=new File(folderList.get(j)+"/"+file[i]); 
                     } else { 
                         temp=new File(folderList.get(j)+"/"+File.separator+file[i]); 
                     } 
                     FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(temp); 
                     if(temp.isFile()){ 
                         FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(temp); 
                         FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(folderList2.get(j) + "/" + (temp.getName()).toString()); 
                         byte[] b = new byte[5120]; 
                         int len; 
                         while ( (len = input.read(b)) != -1) { 
                             output.write(b, 0, len); 
                         } 
                         output.flush(); 
                         output.close(); 
                         input.close(); 
                     } 
                     if(temp.isDirectory()){//如果是子文件夹 
                         folderList.add(folderList.get(j)+"/"+file[i]); 
                         folderList2.add(folderList2.get(j)+"/"+file[i]); 
                     } 
                 } 
             } 
             catch (Exception e) { 
                 System.out.println("复制整个文件夹内容操作出错"); 
                 e.printStackTrace(); 
             } 
        } 
    } 
} 

15.移动文件夹

LinkedList<String> folderList = new LinkedList<String>(); 
folderList.add(str1); 
LinkedList<String> folderList2 = new LinkedList<String>(); 
folderList2.add(str2 + str1.substring(str1.lastIndexOf("\\"))); 
while (folderList.size() > 0) { 
    (new File(folderList2.peek())).mkdirs(); // 如果文件夹不存在 则建立新文件夹 
    File folders = new File(folderList.peek()); 
    String[] file = folders.list(); 
    File temp = null; 
    try { 
        for (int i = 0; i < file.length; i++) { 
            if (folderList.peek().endsWith(File.separator)) { 
                temp = new File(folderList.peek() + File.separator + file[i]); 
            } else { 
                temp = new File(folderList.peek() + File.separator + file[i]); 
            } 
            if (temp.isFile()) { 
                FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(temp); 
                FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream( 
                folderList2.peek() + File.separator + (temp.getName()).toString()); 
                byte[] b = new byte[5120]; 
                int len; 
                while ((len = input.read(b)) != -1) { 
                    output.write(b, 0, len); 
                } 
                output.flush(); 
                output.close(); 
                input.close(); 
                if (!temp.delete()) 
                System.out.println("删除单个文件操作出错!"); 
            } 
            if (temp.isDirectory()) {// 如果是子文件夹 
                for (File f : temp.listFiles()) { 
                    if (f.isDirectory()) { 
                        folderList.add(f.getPath()); 
                        folderList2.add(folderList2.peek() + File.separator + f.getName()); 
                    } 
                } 
            } 
        } 
    } catch (Exception e) { 
        // System.out.println("复制整个文件夹内容操作出错"); 
        e.printStackTrace(); 
    } 
    folderList.removeFirst(); 
    folderList2.removeFirst(); 
} 
File f = new File(str1); 
if (!f.delete()) { 
    for (File file : f.listFiles()) { 
        if (file.list().length == 0) { 
            System.out.println(file.getPath()); 
            file.delete(); 
        } 
    } 
} 

16.移动一个文件夹下所有的文件夹到另一个目录下

File movefolders=new File(str1); 
File[] movefoldersList=movefolders.listFiles(); 
for(int k=0;k<movefoldersList.length;k++){ 
    if(movefoldersList[k].isDirectory()){ 
        ArrayList<String>folderList=new ArrayList<String>(); 
        folderList.add(movefoldersList[k].getPath()); 
        ArrayList<String>folderList2=new ArrayList<String>(); 
        folderList2.add(str2+"/"+movefoldersList[k].getName()); 
        for(int j=0;j<folderList.length;j++){ 
             (new File(folderList2.get(j))).mkdirs(); //如果文件夹不存在 则建立新文件夹 
             File folders=new File(folderList.get(j)); 
             String[] file=folders.list(); 
             File temp=null; 
             try { 
                 for (int i = 0; i < file.length; i++) { 
                     if(folderList.get(j).endsWith(File.separator)){ 
                         temp=new File(folderList.get(j)+"/"+file[i]); 
                     } 
                     else{ 
                         temp=new File(folderList.get(j)+"/"+File.separator+file[i]); 
                     } 
                     FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(temp); 
                     if(temp.isFile()){ 
                         FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(temp); 
                         FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(folderList2.get(j) + "/" + (temp.getName()).toString()); 
                         byte[] b = new byte[5120]; 
                         int len; 
                         while ( (len = input.read(b)) != -1) { 
                             output.write(b, 0, len); 
                         } 
                         output.flush(); 
                         output.close(); 
                         input.close(); 
                         temp.delete(); 
                     } 
                     if(temp.isDirectory()){//如果是子文件夹 
                         folderList.add(folderList.get(j)+"/"+file[i]); 
                         folderList2.add(folderList2.get(j)+"/"+file[i]); 
                     } 
                 } 
             } 
             catch (Exception e) { 
                 System.out.println("复制整个文件夹内容操作出错"); 
                 e.printStackTrace(); 
             } 
        } 
        movefoldersList[k].delete(); 
    } 
} 

17.以一个文件夹的框架在另一个目录创建文件夹和空文件

boolean b=false;//不创建空文件 
ArrayList<String>folderList=new ArrayList<String>(); 
folderList.add(str1); 
ArrayList<String>folderList2=new ArrayList<String>(); 
folderList2.add(str2); 
for(int j=0;j<folderList.length;j++){ 
    (new File(folderList2.get(j))).mkdirs(); //如果文件夹不存在 则建立新文件夹 
    File folders=new File(folderList.get(j)); 
    String[] file=folders.list(); 
    File temp=null; 
    try { 
        for (int i = 0; i < file.length; i++) { 
            if(folderList.get(j).endsWith(File.separator)){ 
                temp=new File(folderList.get(j)+"/"+file[i]); 
            } 
            else{ 
                temp=new File(folderList.get(j)+"/"+File.separator+file[i]); 
            } 
            FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(temp); 
            if(temp.isFile()){ 
                if (b) temp.createNewFile(); 
            } 
            if(temp.isDirectory()){//如果是子文件夹 
                folderList.add(folderList.get(j)+"/"+file[i]); 
                folderList2.add(folderList2.get(j)+"/"+file[i]); 
            } 
        } 
    } 
    catch (Exception e) { 
        System.out.println("复制整个文件夹内容操作出错"); 
        e.printStackTrace(); 
    } 
} 

18.复制文件

 int bytesum = 0; 
 int byteread = 0; 
 File oldfile = new File(str1); 
 try { 
 if (oldfile.exists()) { //文件存在时 
 FileInputStream inStream = new FileInputStream(oldfile); //读入原文件 
 FileOutputStream fs = new FileOutputStream(new File(str2,oldfile.getName())); 
 byte[] buffer = new byte[5120]; 
 int length; 
 while ( (byteread = inStream.read(buffer)) != -1) { 
 bytesum += byteread; //字节数 文件大小 
 System.out.println(bytesum); 
 fs.write(buffer, 0, byteread); 
 } 
 inStream.close(); 
 } 
 } 
 catch (Exception e) { 
 System.out.println("复制单个文件操作出错"); 
 e.printStackTrace(); 
 }  

19.复制一个文件夹下所有的文件到另一个目录

File copyfiles=new File(str1); 
File[] files=copyfiles.listFiles(); 
for(int i=0;i<files.length;i++){ 
    if(!files[i].isDirectory()){ 
        int bytesum = 0; 
        int byteread = 0; 
        try { 
            InputStream inStream = new FileInputStream(files[i]); //读入原文件 
            FileOutputStream fs = new FileOutputStream(new File(str2,files[i].getName()); 
            byte[] buffer = new byte[5120]; 
            int length; 
            while ( (byteread = inStream.read(buffer)) != -1) { 
                bytesum += byteread; //字节数 文件大小 
                System.out.println(bytesum); 
                fs.write(buffer, 0, byteread); 
            } 
            inStream.close(); 
        } catch (Exception e) { 
            System.out.println("复制单个文件操作出错"); 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } 
    } 
}  

20.提取扩展名

String str2=str1.substring(str1.lastIndexOf(".")+1);
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