MQTT系列（四）

最新推荐文章于 2025-11-01 08:45:00 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2025-11-01 08:45:00 发布 · 352 阅读

2 ·

本内容遵循CC 4.0 BY-SA版权协议

GEO检测

收录于

mqtt

1 在Java中使用MQTT

1.1 Eclipse Paho Java Client

具体步骤：

1、创建一个Spring Boot项目，添加如下依赖

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>3.0.5</version>
</parent>

<dependencies>

    <!-- spring boot整合junit单元测试的起步依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- mqtt java客户端依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.eclipse.paho</groupId>
        <artifactId>org.eclipse.paho.client.mqttv3</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.5</version>
    </dependency>

</dependencies>

2、建立连接代码实现

 @Test
    public void createConnection() throws MqttException {
    
        // 定义链接相关参数
        String broker = "tcp://192.168.136.147:1883";
        String username = "zhangsan";
        String password = "123";
        String clientid = "mqtt_java_client_01";
    
        // 创建MqttJava客户端对象
        // MqttClientPersistence: 代表一个持久的数据存储，用于在传输过程中存储出站和入站的信息
        MqttClient client = new MqttClient(broker, clientid , new MemoryPersistence());   
        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
        options.setUserName(username);
        options.setPassword(password.toCharArray());
        client.connect(options);
    
        // 阻塞当前线程
        while (true) ;
    }

3、发布消息代码演示

@Test
public void sendMessage() throws MqttException {

    // 定义链接相关参数
    String broker = "tcp://192.168.136.147:1883";
    String username = "zhangsan";
    String password = "123";
    String clientid = "mqtt_java_client_01";

    // 创建MqttJava客户端对象
    MqttClient client = new MqttClient(broker, clientid , new MemoryPersistence());
    MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
    options.setUserName(username);
    options.setPassword(password.toCharArray());
    client.connect(options);

    // 创建消息对象QoS
    String content = "hello mqtt";
    MqttMessage message = new MqttMessage(content.getBytes());
    message.setQos(2);
    message.setRetained(true);

    // 发送消息
    client.publish("a/c" , message);

    // 关闭链接释放资源
    client.disconnect();
    client.close();

}

4、订阅主题获取消息

@Test
public void receiveMessage() throws MqttException {

    // 定义链接相关参数
    String broker = "tcp://192.168.136.147:1883";
    String username = "zhangsan";
    String password = "123";
    String clientid = "mqtt_java_client_02";

    // 创建MqttJava客户端对象
    MqttClient client = new MqttClient(broker, clientid , new MemoryPersistence());
    MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
    options.setUserName(username);
    options.setPassword(password.toCharArray());

    // 添加回调函数获取主题消息
    client.setCallback(new MqttCallback() {
        
        @Override
        public void connectionLost(Throwable cause) {  // 连接丢失时被调用
            System.out.println("connectionLost: " + cause.getMessage());
        }

        @Override
        public void messageArrived(String topic, MqttMessage message) throws Exception {  // 接收到消息时被调用
            System.out.println("topic: " + topic);
            System.out.println("Qos: " + message.getQos());
            System.out.println("message content: " + new String(message.getPayload()));
        }

        @Override
        public void deliveryComplete(IMqttDeliveryToken token) {  // 消息接收完成时被调用
            System.out.println("deliveryComplete---------" + token.isComplete());
        }
        
    });

    // 订阅主题
    client.connect(options);
    client.subscribe("a/d" , 2);

    while(true) ;

}

1.2 spring-integration-mqtt

1.2.1 基础环境搭建

1、创建一个Spring Boot项目，并加入如下依赖：


```powershell

```powershell
 <dependencies>
    	
        <!-- spring boot项目web开发的起步依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    
    	<!-- spring boot项目集成消息中间件基础依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-integration</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    
    	<!-- spring boot项目和mqtt客户端集成起步依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.integration</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-integration-mqtt</artifactId>
            <version>5.4.3</version>
        </dependency>
    
        <!-- lombok依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    
        <!-- fastjson依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.83</version>
        </dependency>
    
    </dependencies>

2、编写启动类

 @EnableConfigurationProperties(value = MqttConfigurationProperties.class)
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class MqttDemoApplication {
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            SpringApplication.run(MqttDemoApplication.class , args) ;
        }
    
    }

3、在application.yml文件中添加如下配置

  spring:
      mqtt:
        username: zhangsan
        password: 123
        url: tcp://192.168.136.147:1883
        subClientId: sub_client_id_123
        subTopic: atguigu/iot/lamp/line
        pubClientId: pub_client_id_123

4、创建实体类读取自定义配置

@Data
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.mqtt")
public class MqttConfigurationProperties {

    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String url;
    private String subClientId ;
    private String subTopic ;
    private String pubClientId ;

}

5、创建配置类配置链接工厂

 @Configuration
    public class MqttConfiguration {
    
        @Autowired
        private MqttConfigurationProperties mqttConfigurationProperties ;
    
        @Bean
        public MqttPahoClientFactory mqttClientFactory(){
    
            // 创建客户端工厂
            DefaultMqttPahoClientFactory factory = new DefaultMqttPahoClientFactory();
    
            // 创建MqttConnectOptions对象
            MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
            options.setCleanSession(true);
            options.setUserName(mqttConfigurationProperties.getUsername());
            options.setPassword(mqttConfigurationProperties.getPassword().toCharArray());
            options.setServerURIs(new String[]{mqttConfigurationProperties.getUrl()});
            factory.setConnectionOptions(options);
    
            // 返回
            return factory;
        }
    
    }

1.2.2 订阅主题获取消息

具体步骤：

1、配置入站适配器

@Configuration
public class MqttInboundConfiguration {

    @Autowired
    private MqttConfigurationProperties mqttConfigurationProperties ;

    @Autowired
    private ReceiverMessageHandler receiverMessageHandler;

    /**
     * 配置消息传输通道
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public MessageChannel mqttInputChannel() {
        return new DirectChannel();
    }

    /**
     * 配置入站适配器
     */
    @Bean
    public MessageProducer messageProducer(MqttPahoClientFactory mqttPahoClientFactory) {
        MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter adapter  =
                new MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter(mqttConfigurationProperties.getUrl() ,
                        mqttConfigurationProperties.getSubClientId() ,
                        mqttPahoClientFactory , mqttConfigurationProperties.getSubTopic().split(",")) ;
        adapter.setConverter(new DefaultPahoMessageConverter());
        adapter.setQos(1);
        adapter.setOutputChannel(mqttInputChannel());
        return adapter ;
    }

    /**
     * 配置入站消息处理器
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    @ServiceActivator(inputChannel = "mqttInputChannel")
    public MessageHandler messageHandler() {
        return this.receiverMessageHandler ;
    }

}

2、定义监听主题消息的处理器

   @Component
    public class ReceiverMessageHandler implements MessageHandler {
    
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message<?> message) throws MessagingException {
            MessageHeaders headers = message.getHeaders();
            String receivedTopicName = (String) headers.get("mqtt_receivedTopic");
            if("atguigu/iot/lamp/line".equals(receivedTopicName)) {
                System.out.println("接收到消息：" + message.getPayload());
            }
        }
    
    }

测试：通过MQTTX向atguigu/iot/lamp/line主题发送消息

1.2.3 向指定主题发送消息

具体步骤：

1、配置出站消息处理器

 @Configuration
    public class MqttOutboundConfiguration {
    
        @Autowired
        private MqttConfigurationProperties mqttConfigurationProperties ;
    
        @Autowired
        private MqttPahoClientFactory pahoClientFactory ;
    
        @Bean
        public MessageChannel mqttOutputChannel() {
            return new DirectChannel();
        }
    
        @Bean
        @ServiceActivator(inputChannel = "mqttOutputChannel")
        public MessageHandler mqttOutboundMassageHandler() {
            MqttPahoMessageHandler messageHandler = new MqttPahoMessageHandler(mqttConfigurationProperties.getUrl() ,
                    mqttConfigurationProperties.getPubClientId() , pahoClientFactory ) ;
            messageHandler.setAsync(true);
            messageHandler.setDefaultQos(0);
            messageHandler.setDefaultTopic("default");
            return messageHandler ;
        }
    
    }

2、定义发送消息的网关接口

  @MessagingGateway(defaultRequestChannel = "mqttOutputChannel")
    public interface MqttGateway {
    
        /**
         * 发送mqtt消息
         * @param topic 主题
         * @param payload 内容
         */
        void sendToMqtt(@Header(MqttHeaders.TOPIC) String topic, String payload);
    
        /**
         * 发送包含qos的消息
         * @param topic 主题
         * @param qos 对消息处理的几种机制。
         *          * 0 表示的是订阅者没收到消息不会再次发送，消息会丢失。<br>
         *          * 1 表示的是会尝试重试，一直到接收到消息，但这种情况可能导致订阅者收到多次重复消息。<br>
         *          * 2 多了一次去重的动作，确保订阅者收到的消息有一次。
         * @param payload 消息体
         */
        void sendToMqtt(@Header(MqttHeaders.TOPIC) String topic, @Header(MqttHeaders.QOS) int qos, String payload);
        
    }

3、定义发送消息的服务类

   @Component
    @AllArgsConstructor
    public class MqttMessageSender {
    
        private MqttGateway mqttGateway;
    
        /**
         * 发送mqtt消息
         * @param topic 主题
         * @param message 内容
         */
        public void send(String topic, String message) {
            mqttGateway.sendToMqtt(topic, message);
        }
    
        /**
         * 发送包含qos的消息
         * @param topic 主题
         * @param qos 质量
         * @param message 消息体
         */
        public void send(String topic, int qos, byte[] message){
            mqttGateway.sendToMqtt(topic, qos, message);
        }
    }