qt websocket 通讯实现消息发送接收

简介

WebSocket是一种在单个TCP连接上进行全双工通信的协议。

很多服务http协议进行交互，但是http协议的服务特点为一次一服务的特点。

在实际开发我们经常需要服务给予我们反馈，如果使用http协议的话。我们就需要使用轮询技术。轮询是在特定的时间间隔（如1秒），定时想服务器发送请求询问结果，当结果返回时才停止轮询，这样的缺点很明显，1、浪费带宽资源。2.发起轮询等待的系统资源。

Websocket双工通信的特点，服务器在处理任务结束后可以直接通知客户端。

Websocket诞生的原因

在Websocket出现之前，浏览器和服务器之间的通信往往采用的是HTTP协议，交互流程是浏览器发出一个请求，然后服务端接收请求后进行处理并返回结果给浏览器，最后浏览器将数据进行渲染呈现到网页上。但是HTTP有一个缺陷就是只能由客户端发起，服务端不具备推送能力。为了获取服务端最新的状态，客户端只能采取“轮询”的方式，每隔一段时间发起一个请求，但是这会导致 1.服务端被迫维持来自各个客户端的大量的不同的连接。2.大量的轮询请求会造成高开销，比如会带上多余的Header，造成无用的数据传输为了解决这些问题，Websocket由此诞生。

Websocket与HTTP的相同点与不同点

相同点

• 都是基于TCP协议
• 都是可靠的传输协议
• 都是应用层协议
• 默认端口也是80和443

不同点

• Websocket是双向通信协议，HTTP是单向的
• Websocket需要浏览器和服务器握手进行连接建立，而HTTP是浏览器发起向服务器的连接
• 虽然HTTP/2也具备服务器推送功能，但是HTTP/2只能推送静态资源，无法推送动态内容。

总结

websocket 是基于 TCP socket 之上的应用层， 解决 HTML 轮询连接的问题，实现客户端与服务端长连接， 实现消息互相发送，全双工。

QT准备

要使用 Qt 的 WebSocket 模块，先在 pro 文件中加上 websockets：

QT += websockets

websocket服务端使用 QTdemo

chatserver.h

#ifndef CHATSERVER_H
#define CHATSERVER_H

#include <QtCore/QObject>
#include <QtCore/QList>

QT_FORWARD_DECLARE_CLASS(QWebSocketServer)
QT_FORWARD_DECLARE_CLASS(QWebSocket)
QT_FORWARD_DECLARE_CLASS(QString)

class ChatServer : public QObject
{
   
   
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit ChatServer(quint16 port, QObject *parent = nullptr);
    ~ChatServer() override;

private slots:
    void onNewConnection();
    void processMessage(const QString &message);
    void socketDisconnected();

private:
    QWebSocketServer *m_pWebSocketServer;
    QList<QWebSocket *> m_clients;
};

#endif //CHATSERVER_H

chatserver.cpp

/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2016 Kurt Pattyn <pattyn.kurt@gmail.com>.
** Contact: https://www.qt.io/licensing/
**
** This file is part of the QtWebSockets module of the Qt Toolkit.
**
** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:BSD$
** Commercial License Usage
** Licensees holding valid commercial Qt licenses may use this file in
** accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the
** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in
** a written agreement between you and The Qt Company. For licensing terms
** and conditions see https://www.qt.io/terms-conditions. For further
** information use the contact form at https://www.qt.io/contact-us.
**
** BSD License Usage
** Alternatively, you may use this file under the terms of the BSD license
** as follows:
**
** "Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
** modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
** met:
**   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
**     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
**   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
**     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
**     the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
**     distribution.
**   * Neither the name of The Qt Company Ltd nor the names of its
**     contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
**     from this software without specific prior written permission.
**
**
** THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
** "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
** LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
** A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
** OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
** SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
** LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
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****************************************************************************/
#include "chatserver.h"

#