unix环境高级编程（第一版）代码

第四个，获取pid，每一个程序的实例就是进程，他有自己的process ID

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{

	printf("hello world from process ID %d\n",getpid());
	exit(0);
}

第五个

#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MAXLINE 32
int main(void)
{
	char buf[MAXLINE];
	pid_t pid;
	int status;
	printf("%%");
	while(fgets(buf,MAXLINE,stdin)!=NULL)
	{
		buf[strlen(buf)-1]=0;
		if((pid=fork())<0) //创建一个新的进程
			perror("fork error ");
		else if (pid==0)  //如果是子进程的话pid是等于0的
		{
			execlp(buf,buf,(char*)0);//从当前PATH中找符合file的文件名最后一个参数用空指针,指向成功会去加载代码不会回来
			perror("couldn't execute :command");
			exit(127); //127没有找到命令
		}
		if((pid =waitpid(pid ,&status,0))<0)//查看子进程有么有结束
			perror("waitpid error");
		printf(" %%");

	}
	exit(0);
}

程序1-6 strerror和perror用法

#include<errno.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
int main(int argc ,char** argv)
{
	fprintf(stderr,"EACCES: %s\n",strerror(EACCES));//他的报错于EACCES有关
	errno=ENOENT;
	perror(argv[0]); //当前的errno的值是多少他就报什么错
	exit(0);

}

/* output:  

    EACCES: Permission denied
    ./test: No such file or directory 
*/

程序1-7 打印用户ID组ID

#include<errno.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
int main(int argc ,char** argv)
{
	printf("uid=%d ,gid=%d\n",getuid(),getgid());
	exit(0);

}

read command from stdin and run

#include<errno.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/wait.h>
#include<signal.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#define MAXLINE 64
static void sig_int(int);

int main(int argc ,char** argv) 
{
	char buf[MAXLINE];
	pid_t pid;
	int status;	
	if(signal(SIGINT,sig_int)==SIG_ERR)  //信号函数设置当我按下 pause就会触发函数
		perror("SIGNAL err");
	printf("%%1");
	while(fgets(buf,MAXLINE,stdin)!=NULL)
	{
		buf[strlen(buf)-1]=0;
		if((pid=fork())<0)
			perror("fork err");
		else if(pid==0)
		{
			execlp(buf,buf,(char*) 0);
			perror("couldn't execute: command");
			exit(127);
		}
		if((pid=waitpid(pid,&status,0))<0)
			perror("waitpid err");
		printf("%%2");
	}
	exit(0);

}
void sig_int(int signo)
{
	printf("interrupt\n%%3");
}
/*
makefile  mylen.c  test  test.c
%2ds
couldn't execute: command: No such file or directory
%2^Cinterrupt
ds
couldn't execute: command: No such file or directory
%3%3%2s
couldn't execute: command: No such file or directory
%2^Cinterrupt
d
couldn't execute: command: No such file or directory
*/