本文详细介绍了数据库实例从关闭到启动的过程，包括SGA分配、控制文件读取、日志文件打开、实例恢复、后台进程启动及数据文件一致性检查等关键步骤，特别指出IMMEDIATE关闭方式下数据库再次启动时无需执行恢复操作。
123. You used the IMMEDIATE option to shut down your database instance. Consider the steps that may
occur when a database instance is started and database is opened:
1: SGA is allocated.
2: Control file is read.
3: Redo log files are opened.
4: Instance recovery is started.
5: Background processes are started.
6: Data file headers are checked for consistency.
7: Server parameter file or the initialization parameter file is read.
Which option has the correct order in which these steps occur?
A.7, 1, 5, 2, 3, 6, 4
B.1, 5, 7, 2, 3, 6; step 4 is not required
C.7, 1, 5, 2, 3, 6; step 4 is not required
D.1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 4; step 7 is not required
Answer: C
答案解析：
shutdown abort后，再startup，需要用到smon进行实例恢复。
在nomount阶段，读取初始化参数，分配SGA，后台进程启动
在mount阶段，读取控制文件和联机日志文件，查看需要打开哪些数据文件
在open阶段，根据控制文件内容找到数据文件，并打开，因为是IMMEDIATE 关闭的数据库，即是一致性关闭，所以再次启动后，不需要恢复。
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