gcc 在编译阶段寻找动态库的路径顺序

摘自 ld manual page        

   The linker uses the following search paths to locate required shared libraries:

           1.  Any directories specified by -rpath-link options.

           2.  Any  directories  specified by -rpath options.  The difference between -rpath and -rpath-link is that directories
               specified by -rpath options are included in the executable and used at runtime, whereas the -rpath-link option is
               only  effective  at link time. Searching -rpath in this way is only supported by native linkers and cross linkers
               which have been configured with the --with-sysroot option.

           3.  On an ELF system, if the -rpath and "rpath-link" options were not used, search the contents  of  the  environment
               variable "LD_RUN_PATH". It is for the native linker only.

           4.  On SunOS, if the -rpath option was not used, search any directories specified using -L options.

           5.  For a native linker, the contents of the environment variable "LD_LIBRARY_PATH".

           6.  For  a  native  ELF  linker,  the  directories in "DT_RUNPATH" or "DT_RPATH" of a shared library are searched for
               shared libraries needed by it. The "DT_RPATH" entries are ignored if "DT_RUNPATH" entries exist.

           7.  The default directories, normally /lib and /usr/lib.

           8.  For a native linker on an ELF system, if the file /etc/ld.so.conf exists, the list of directories found  in  that
               file.

           If the required shared library is not found, the linker will issue a warning and continue with the link.