OCP-1Z0-052-V8 02-13题

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本文详细解析了Oracle数据库中调整数据库缓存大小(DB_CACHE_SIZE)的具体机制，包括内存粒度(granule size)的概念及其如何影响缓存大小的实际分配。通过实例展示了当设置的缓存大小不是粒度大小的整数倍时，数据库如何将其调整到最近的整数倍。

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13. You have executed this command to change the size of the database buffer cache:

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_CACHE_SIZE=2516582;

System altered.

To verify the change in size, you executed this command:

SQL> SHOW PARAMETER DB_CACHE_SIZE

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------- ----------- ------------------

db_cache_size big integer 4194304 4M

Why is the value set to 4194304 and not to 2516582?

A.because 4194304 is the granule size

B.because 4194304 is the standard block size

C.because 4194304 is the largest nonstandard block size defined in the database

D.because 4194304 is the total size of data already available in the database buffer cache

Answer: A

答案解析：

sys@TEST0924> select 2516582/1024/1024 from dual;

2516582/1024/1024

-----------------

2.39999962

sys@TEST0924> select 4194304/1024/1024 from dual;

4194304/1024/1024

-----------------

All SGA components allocate and deallocate space in units of granules . Oracle Database tracks SGA memory use in internal numbers of granules for each SGA component.

The memory for dynamic components in the SGA is allocated in the unit of granules. The granule size is determined by the amount of SGA memory requested when the instance starts. Specifically, the granule size is based on the value of the SGA_MAX_SIZE initialization parameter. Table 6-1shows the granule size for different amounts of SGA memory.

Table 6-1 Granule Size

SGA Memory Amount	Granule Size
Less than or equal to 1 GB	4 MB
Greater than 1 GB and less than or equal to 8 GB	16 MB
Greater than 8 GB and less than or equal to 16 GB	32 MB
Greater than 16 GB and less than or equal to 32 GB	64 MB
Greater than 32 GB and less than or equal to 64 GB	128 MB
Greater than 64 GB and less than or equal to 128 GB	256 MB
Greater than 128 GB	512 MB

You can query the V$SGAINFO view to see the granule size that is being used by an instance. The same granule size is used for all components in the SGA.

If you specify a size for a component that is not a multiple of granule size, Oracle Database rounds the specified size up to the nearest multiple. For example, if the granule size is 4 MB and you specifyDB_CACHE_SIZE as 10 MB, the database actually allocates 12 MB.

如果指定的size不是granule size的整数倍，则rounds到整数倍，例如，如果granule size为4M，指定DB_CACHE_SIZE as 10 MB，不是4的整数倍，则实际上DB_CACHE_SIZE as 为12M。

一下是我的环境，因为我的sga大于1G，故granule size为16M。

sys@TEST0924> desc V$SGAINFO

Name Null? Type

----------------------------------------------------- -------- ------------------------------------

NAME VARCHAR2(32)

BYTES NUMBER

RESIZEABLE VARCHAR2(3)

sys@TEST0924> select * from V$SGAINFO ;

NAME BYTES RES

-------------------------------- ---------- ---

Fixed SGA Size 2230952 No