hdu 5015 233 Matrix(最快的搞法)

最新推荐文章于 2021-08-05 13:56:54 发布

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数据结构

需要注意的

本文探讨了一种特殊的矩阵——233矩阵的构造及计算问题。通过递推公式和组合数学方法，给出了求解该矩阵中特定元素值的算法，并通过代码实现了解题过程。

233 Matrix

Time Limit: 10000/5000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 65536/65536 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 191 Accepted Submission(s): 125

Problem Description

In our daily life we often use 233 to express our feelings. Actually, we may say 2333, 23333, or 233333 ... in the same meaning. And here is the question: Suppose we have a matrix called 233 matrix. In the first line, it would be 233, 2333, 23333... (it means a _0,1 = 233,a _0,2 = 2333,a _0,3 = 23333...) Besides, in 233 matrix, we got a _i,j = a _i-1,j +a _i,j-1( i,j ≠ 0). Now you have known a _1,0,a _2,0,...,a _n,0, could you tell me a _n,m in the 233 matrix?

Input

There are multiple test cases. Please process till EOF.

For each case, the first line contains two postive integers n,m(n ≤ 10,m ≤ 10 ⁹). The second line contains n integers, a _1,0,a _2,0,...,a _n,0(0 ≤ a _i,0 < 2 ³¹).

Output

For each case, output a _n,m mod 10000007.

Sample Input

Sample Output

Source

2014 ACM/ICPC Asia Regional Xi'an Online

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解释在代码里:

#include<cstdio>
#define MOD 10000007
using namespace std;
typedef long long LL;
#define rep(i,a,b) for(int i=a;i<b;i++)
LL inv[11]; ///逆元
LL inv_fac[11]; ///阶乘逆元
LL n,m,a[11],tmp;
/**
经过模拟之后发现ans=c(m,0)*a[n-1]+c(m+1,1)*a[n-2]+...c(m+n,n)*a[0]+c(n,0)*(23333...)+
c(n+1,1)*(2333...)+c(n+m-2,m-1)*233;
变形如下:
ans=c(m,0)*a[n-1]+c(m+1,1)*a[n-2]+...c(m+n,n)*a[0]+c(n,n)*(23333...)+
c(n+1,n)*(2333...)+c(n+m-2,n)*233;

ans=c(m,0)*a[n-1]+c(m+1,1)*a[n-2]+...c(m+n,n)*a[0]+{c(n,n)+
c(n+1,n)+c(n+m-2,n)}*233+2100*{10^(m-2)*c(n,n)+10^(m-3)*c(n+1,n)+10^0*c(n+m-4,n)};

ans=c(m,0)*a[n-1]+c(m+1,1)*a[n-2]+...c(m+n,n)*a[0]+c(n+m-1,n)*233
+2100*{10^(m-2)*c(n,n)+10^(m-3)*c(n+1,n)+10^0*c(n+m-4,n)};
设f(n)={10^(m-2)*c(n,n)+10^(m-3)*c(n+1,n)+10^0*c(n+m-4,n)},则有f(n)=((10*f(n-1)-c(n+m-2,n))/9)%MOD;
即f(n)=(10*f(n-1)-c(n+m-2,n))*inv[9]%MOD;
**/
void Init()///初始化数组
{
    int i;
    inv[0]=inv[1]=1;
    inv_fac[0]=inv_fac[1]=1;
    for(i=2;i<15;i++){
            inv[i]=(inv[MOD%i]*(MOD-MOD/i))%MOD;///递推求逆元
            inv_fac[i]=(inv_fac[i-1]*inv[i])%MOD;///递推求阶乘的逆元
    }
}

LL C(LL N,LL k)///计算组合数
{
    if(k==0)return 1;
    LL i,ans=inv_fac[k];
    for(i=0;i<k;i++)
        ans=ans*(N-i)%MOD;
    return ans;
}

LL quick_mod(LL x,LL N)///快速幂取模
{
    LL temp=x%MOD,result=1;
    while(N)
    {
        if(N&1)
            result=result*temp%MOD;
        temp=temp*temp%MOD;
        N>>=1;
    }
    return result;
}

LL f(LL N)
{
    if(N==0)
        return (tmp-1+MOD)*inv[9]%MOD;///用到了等比数列求和sum[n]=a1(1-q^n)/(1-q);
    return (10*f(N-1)-C(N+m-2,N))*inv[9]%MOD;
}
void solve()
{
    if(n==0&&m==0)
    {
        puts("0");
        return;
    }
    tmp=quick_mod(10,m-1);

    LL ans=(C(n+m-1,n)*233+f(n)*2100)%MOD;///第一行的和乘组合数
    int i;
    for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
        ans=(ans+C(n+m-1-i,n-i)*a[i-1])%MOD;///加上第一列的和乘组合数
    printf("%I64d\n",ans);
}
int main()
{
    Init();
    while(~scanf("%I64d%I64d",&n,&m))
    {
        rep(i,0,n){
            scanf("%I64d",&a[i]);
            a[i]%=MOD;
        }
        solve();
    }
    return 0;
}

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