python global variables,member variables,instance variables

最新推荐文章于 2026-06-21 15:15:14 发布

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本文介绍了Python中的全局变量、类变量和实例变量。全局变量可以在程序的任何地方访问，类变量属于类且所有对象共享，而实例变量仅对特定对象有效。类变量定义在class下，与def并列，通过`类.类变量`调用；实例变量通过`self.实例变量`声明，并在对象中调用。

global variables 全局访问

member variables 类变量，类的所有对象共享

instance variables 对象变量，只对某一对象有用

类变量写在class语句下面和def语句并列，调用时用类.类变量

对象变量用self.对象变量声明，调用时一样

 #!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: objvar.py

class Person:
    '''Represents a person.'''
    population = 0

    def __init__(self, name):
        '''Initializes the person's data.'''
        self.name = name
        print '(Initializing %s)' % self.name

        # When this person is created, he/she
        # adds to the population
        Person.population += 1

    def __del__(self):
        '''I am dying.'''
        print '%s says bye.' % self.name

        Person.population -= 1

        if Person.population == 0:
            print 'I am the last one.'
        else:
            print 'There are still %d people left.' % Person.population

    def sayHi(self):
        '''Greeting by the person.

        Really, that's all it does.'''
        print 'Hi, my name is %s.' % self.name

    def howMany(self):
        '''Prints the current population.'''
        if Person.population == 1:
            print 'I am the only person here.'
        else:
            print 'We have %d persons here.' % Person.population

swaroop = Person('Swaroop')
swaroop.sayHi()
swaroop.howMany()

kalam = Person('Abdul Kalam')
kalam.sayHi()
kalam.howMany()

swaroop.sayHi()
swaroop.howMany()

$ python objvar.py
(Initializing Swaroop)
Hi, my name is Swaroop.
I am the only person here.
(Initializing Abdul Kalam)
Hi, my name is Abdul Kalam.
We have 2 persons here.
Hi, my name is Swaroop.
We have 2 persons here.
Abdul Kalam says bye.
There are still 1 people left.
Swaroop says bye.
I am the last one.