vrish 删除虚机_Linux下KVM虚拟机基本管理及常用命令（转）

说明：可能有重复

一、KVM的基本管理

1、查看KVM虚拟机配置文件

#Kvm虚拟机默认配置文件位置

[root@kvm qemu]#pwd/etc/libvirt/qemu

[root@kvm qemu]#ll

total12-rw-------1 root root 3863 Nov 6 17:26 CentOS6.5.xml

-rw-------1 root root 3771 Nov 7 00:57 CentOS6u7.xml

-rw-------1 root root 3628 Nov 7 02:04 centos.xml

drwx------3 root root 40 Nov 7 00:46 networks

2、启动与关闭

#显示正在运行的虚拟机

[root@kvm ~]# virsh list

Id Name State

----------------------------------------------------

#显示所有虚拟机

[root@kvm ~]# virsh list --all

Id Name State

----------------------------------------------------

- centos shut off

- CentOS6.5 shut off

- CentOS6u7 shut off

#启动名字为CentOS6.5的虚拟机

[root@kvm ~]# virsh start CentOS6.5

#关闭名字为CentOS6.5的虚拟机

[root@kvm ~]# virsh shutdown CentOS6.5

#强制关闭名字为Centos6.5的虚拟机

[root@kvm ~]# virsh destroy CentOS6.5

#移除名字为CentOS6.5的虚拟机

[root@kvm ~]# virsh undefine CentOS6.5

#设置CentOS6.5虚拟机开机启动

[root@kvm ~]# virsh autostart CentOS6.5

#默认情况下virsh工具不能对linux虚拟机进行关机操作

#linux操作系统需要开启与启动acpid服务。在安装KVM linux虚拟机必须配置此服务。

# yum -y install acpid

# /etc/init.d/acpid start

3、通过配置文件启动虚拟机

[root@kvm ~]# virsh create /etc/libvirt/qemu/CentOS6.5.xml

4、其它(挂起，恢复)virsh命令

#挂起服务器

[root@kvm qemu]# virsh suspend CentOS6.5

#恢复服务器

[root@kvm qemu]# virsh resume CentOS6.5

5、重命名虚拟机

#停止虚拟机

[root@kvm qemu]# virsh shutdown CentOS6u5

#导出虚拟机的配置文件

[root@kvm qemu]# pwd

/etc/libvirt/qemu

[root@kvm qemu-img]# virsh dumpxml CentOS6u5 > test-CentOS6u5.xml

#更改配置文件

[root@kvm qemu]# sed -i 's/CentOS6u5/test-CentOS6u5/g' test-CentOS6u5.xml

#注 可以不用更改镜像名

#移除原有的虚拟机

[root@kvm qemu]# virsh undefine CentOS6u5

#加载新建的虚拟机

[root@kvm qemu]# virsh define test-CentOS6u5.xml

#启动虚拟机

[root@kvm qemu]# virsh start test-CentOS6u5

6、虚拟机创建快照

#转换磁盘镜像文件格式为qcow2

[root@kvm ~]# virsh shutdown test-CentOS6u5

[root@kvm qemu-img]# qemu-img convert -f raw CentOS6u5.raw -O qcow2 CentOS6u5.raw.qcow2

#快照一定需要qcow2格式才行

#我这边从新建立一个虚拟机以qcow2

#创建快照

[root@kvm qemu-img]# virsh snapshot-create CentOS6u5

#查看快照

[root@kvm qemu-img]# virsh snapshot-list CentOS6u5

Name Creation Time State

------------------------------------------------------------

1479043349 2016-11-13 08:22:29 -0500 shutoff

#恢复快照

[root@kvm qemu-img]# virsh snapshot-revert CentOS6u5 1479043349

#删除快照

[root@kvm qemu-img]# virsh snapshot-delete CentOS6u5 1479043349

二、常用命令

列出所有的虚拟机

virsh list --all

显示虚拟机信息

virsh dominfo kvm-1

显示虚拟机内存和cpu的使用情况

yum install virt-top -y

virt-top

显示虚拟机分区信息

virt-df kvm-1

关闭虚拟机(shutodwn)

virsh shutdown kvm-1

启动虚拟机

virsh start kvm-1

设置虚拟机(kvm-1)跟随系统自启

virsh autostart kvm-1

关闭虚拟及自启

virsh autostart --disable kvm-1

删除虚拟机

virsh undefine kvm-1

通过控制窗口登录虚拟机

virsh console kvm-1

其它

virsh shutdown centos 关闭centos虚拟机

virsh destroy centos 强制关闭centos虚拟机

virsh suspend centos 暂停centos虚拟机

vrish resume centos 恢复centos虚拟机

virsh reboot centos 重启centos虚拟机

virsh edit centos 编辑centos虚拟机

virsh vncdisplay centos vnc显示

给虚拟机添加硬盘

添加硬盘(lvm卷)或者USB到虚拟机上

virsh attach-disk kvm-1 /dev/sdb vbd --driver qemu --mode shareable

使用完成之后可以卸载usb

virsh detach-disk kvm vdb

添加lvm卷，并挂载

[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# lvcreate -n kvm-1-data -L 50G vg_shkvm1

[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# virsh attach-disk kvm-1 /dev/vg_shkvm1/kvm-1-data vdb --driver qemu --modeshareable

Disk attached successfully#登录到kvm-1上查看lvm是否已经被挂载

[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# virsh console kvm-1 #输入kvm-1的用户和密码

[root@sh-kvm-1-1 ~]# fdisk -l #查看硬盘挂载情况

Disk/dev/vda: 21.5 GB, 21474836480bytes16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 41610cylinders

Units= cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096bytes

Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytes

Disk identifier:0x00058197

Device Boot Start EndBlocks Id System/dev/vda1 * 3 1018 512000 83Linux

Partition1 does not end on cylinder boundary.

/dev/vda2 1018 41611 204584968e Linux LVM

Partition2 does not end on cylinder boundary.Disk/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 18.8 GB, 18798870528bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2285cylinders

Units= cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytes

Disk identifier:0x00000000Disk/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261cylinders

Units= cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280bytes

Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytes

Disk identifier:0x00000000Disk/dev/vdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes #新添加的硬盘16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 104025cylinders

Units= cylinders of 1008 * 512 = 516096bytes

Sector size(logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512bytes

Disk identifier:0x00000000

格式化新添加的vdb，并添加到lvm组中

#对新添加的硬盘分区

[root@sh-kvm-1-1 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdbDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun,SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier0xf04b6807.Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.Warning: invalid flag0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)WARNING: DOS-compatiblemode is deprecated.It's strongly recommended to

switchoff the mode (command 'c')and change display units to

sectors(command 'u').

Command (m for help): m #查看帮助Commandaction

a toggle a bootable flag

b edit bsd disklabel

c toggle the dos compatibility flag

d delete a partition

l list known partition types

mprintthis menu

n add a new partition

o create a new empty DOS partition table

pprintthe partition table

q quit without saving changes

s create a new empty Sun disklabel

t change a partition's system id

u change display/entry units

vverifythe partition table

w write table to disk andexitx extra functionality(experts only)

Command (m for help): n #添加一个分区Commandaction

e extended

p primary partition(1-4)p#选择添加一个扩展分区

Partition number(1-4):

Value out of range.Partition number(1-4): 1First cylinder(1-104025, default 1):

Using default value1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-104025, default 104025):

Using default value104025

Command (m for help): t #改变分区的格式

Selected partition1Hex code(type L to list codes): 8e #改成lvm

Changed systemtype of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)

Command (m for help): w #保存更改

root@sh-kvm-1-1 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vdb1 #格式化分区

mke2fs1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystemlabel=OStype: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0blocks3276800 inodes, 13107142blocks655357 blocks (5.00%) reserved forthe super user

First data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

400block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768fragments per group8192inodes per group

Superblock backups storedonblocks:32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000, 7962624, 11239424Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal(32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every28mounts or180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.[root@sh-kvm-1-1 ~]# pvc reate /dev/vdb1 #创建pv

vdb vdb1

[root@sh-kvm-1-1 ~]# vgextend VolGroup /dev/vdb #扩展lvm vg

vdb vdb1

[root@sh-kvm-1-1 ~]#vgs

VG#PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree

VolGroup2 2 0 wz--n- 69.50g 50.00g# 从上面能看出，新添加的 已经加到lvm组中

改变虚拟机的参数

通过命令行更改创建之后虚拟机的内存，cpu等信息

更改内存

# 1.查看虚拟机当前内存

[root@sh-kvm-1 ~]# virsh dominfo kvm-1| grep memory

Max memory:4194304KiB

Used memory:4194304KiB# 2、动态设置内存为512MB，内存减少

virsh setmem kvm-1 524288

#注意单位必须是KB# 3、查看内存变化# virsh dominfo kvm-1| grep memory

Max memory:14194304KiB

Used memory:524288kiB# 4、内存增加

virsh shutdown kvm-1virsh edit kvm-1 #直接更改memory

virsh create/etc/libvirt/demu/kvm-1/xml# 之后操作1,2,3步骤增加内存

更改CPU

需要修改配置文件，因此需要停止虚拟机

virsh shutdown kvm-1virsh edit kvm-1

# 2 # 4 > 2virsh create/etc/libvirt/demu/kvm-1/xml

硬盘扩容

1. Create a 10-GB non-sparse file:# dd if=/dev/zero of=/vm-images/vm1-add.img bs=1M count=10240

2.Shutdown the VM:#virsh shutdown vm13. Add an extra entry for ‘disk’ in the VM's XML file in /etc/libvirt/qemu. You can look copy& paste the entryfor your mail storage device and just change the target and address tags. Forexample:#virsh edit vm1

Add:

# 这里建议使用上面的添加硬盘的方式添加

删除虚拟机

第一步，停掉虚拟机

virsh shutdown kvm-1

第二步

virsh destroy kvm-1

第三步

virsh undefine kvm-1

第四步

rm /dev/vg_shkvm1/kvm-1 # 不建议删除硬盘

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