Fragment
1.碎片的状态和回调
Fragment在其生命周期中的状态一共有运行状态、暂停
状态、停止状态和销毁状态这四种。类似地,每个碎片在其生命周期内也可能会经历这几种
状态,只不过在一些细小的地方会有部分区别。
1. 运行状态
当一个碎片是可见的,并且它所关联的活动正处于运行状态时,该碎片也处于运行
状态。
2. 暂停状态
当一个活动进入暂停状态时(由于另一个未占满屏幕的活动被添加到了栈顶),与
它相关联的可见碎片就会进入到暂停状态。
3. 停止状态
当一个活动进入停止状态时,与它相关联的碎片就会进入到停止状态。或者通过调
用 FragmentTransaction 的 remove()、 replace()方法将碎片从活动中移除,但有在事务提
交之前调用 addToBackStack()方法,这时的碎片也会进入到停止状态。总的来说,进入
停止状态的碎片对用户来说是完全不可见的,有可能会被系统回收。
4. 销毁状态
碎片总是依附于活动而存在的,因此当活动被销毁时,与它相关联的碎片就会进入
到销毁状态。或者通过调用 FragmentTransaction 的 remove()、 replace()方法将碎片从活
动中移除,但在事务提交之前并没有调用 addToBackStack()方法,这时的碎片也会进入
到销毁状态。
2.创建一个分屏的Fragment
1.设计左右两边的布局,左边为Button,右边为一个TextView。那么:
left_fragment.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<!--记:下面Button中layout_gravity和gravity的区别?
答:layout_gravity:是针对于整个layout当前空间的位置,
gravity是针对这个Button中文字的位置
-->
<Button
android:id="@+id/button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="Button"
/>
</LinearLayout>
right_fragment.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:background="#00FF00"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textview"
android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
android:textSize="20sp"
android:text="This is right fragment"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
</LinearLayout>
2.通过继承Fragment类,重写onCreateView方法绑定这些xml文件
LeftFragment.java:
package com.example.zhengxie.demo_fragment;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
/**
* Created by zheng.xie
*/
public class LeftFragment extends Fragment {
//新建一个Fragment时,需要重写onCreateView方法,然后再在
//activity_main中,将此LeftFragment以name的形式添加
@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.left_fragment,container,false);
return view;
}
}
RightFragment.java:
package com.example.zhengxie.demo_fragment;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
/**
* Created by zheng.xie.
*/
public class RightFragment extends Fragment {
@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.right_fragment,container,false);
return view;
}
}
3.在activity_main.xml中,将这两个Fragment以name的形式加入
activity_main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
>
<fragment
android:id="@+id/left_fragment"
android:name="com.example.zhengxie.demo_fragment.LeftFragment"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
></fragment>
<!--记Fragment在主activity_main中的添加方式-->
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/right_layout"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<fragment
android:id="@+id/right_fragment"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:name="com.example.zhengxie.demo_fragment.RightFragment"
android:layout_weight="1"
></fragment>
</FrameLayout>
</LinearLayout>
4.在MainActivity中对fragment进行操作:
MainActivity.java:
package com.example.zhengxie.demo_fragment;
import android.app.FragmentManager;
import android.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
AnotherRightFragment anotherRightFragment = new AnotherRightFragment();
//getFragmentManager()是Activity中的方法,
//Return the FragmentManager for interacting with fragments associated
//with this activity.
FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
//Fragment Transaction将先于activity的状态保存
//Note: A fragment transaction can only be created/committed prior
//to an activity saving its state
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();//开始记录一个事物
//将左边的xml资源替换成右边的Fragment
// Replace an existing fragment that was added to a container
fragmentTransaction.replace(R.id.right_layout,anotherRightFragment);
//在栈中添加这个事物null
//Add this transaction to the back stack. This means that the transaction
//will be remembered after it is committed, and will reverse its operation
// when later popped off the stack.
fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(null);
//为transaction建立计划,提交事物。
// Schedules a commit of this transaction. The commit does
// not happen immediately; it will be scheduled as work on the main thread
// to be done the next time that thread is ready.
fragmentTransaction.commit();
}
});
}
}
3.根据layout和layout-large来区分大小屏
4.笔记记录:xml布局中ellipsize的各个属性作用是什么?
例如对于字符:aaabbbccc
start's output
will be : ...bccc
end's output will
be : aaab...
middle's output
will be : aa...cc
marquee's output
will be : aaabbbccc auto sliding from right to left
5.使用Fragment技术实现的分屏新闻实例的详解(附注释)
1.在MainActivity.java中设置首页显示的页面:分析首页是由一个Fragment嵌套listview来显示的。
package com.example.zhengxie.demo_fragment_wangyinews;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Window;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
Log.d(TAG,"onCreate()");
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
}
2.修改R.layout.activity_main。因为这个xml是要新建一个fragment用来显示的
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:id="@+id/activity_main"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context="com.example.zhengxie.demo_fragment_wangyinews.MainActivity">
<fragment
android:id="@+id/news_title_fragment"
android:name="com.example.zhengxie.demo_fragment_wangyinews.NewsTitleFragment"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
</fragment>
</RelativeLayout>
3.创建完一个fragment之后,需要开始对这个fragment进行onCreateView
package com.example.zhengxie.demo_fragment_wangyinews;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import java.lang.ref.PhantomReference;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Created by zheng.xie .
*/
public class NewsTitleFragment extends Fragment implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener{
private static final String TAG = "NewsTitleFragment";
private ListView newsTitleListView;
private List<News> newsList;
private NewsAdapter adapter;
private boolean isTwoPane;
@Override
public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
super.onAttach(activity);
Log.d(TAG,"onAttach");
//第二步:进行数据和adapter的绑定
newsList = getNews();
adapter = new NewsAdapter(activity, R.layout.news_item, newsList);
}
@Nullable
@Override
/**
* 这个方法是用来创建listview这个layout布局的。至于这个listview布局中的内容,在上面的onAttach方法中
* 声明一个adapter
*/
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
Log.d(TAG,"onCreateView");
//第一步:声明一个listview
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.news_title_frag,container,false);
newsTitleListView = (ListView) view.findViewById(R.id.news_title_list_view);
//第三步:setAdapter
newsTitleListView.setAdapter(adapter);//通过上面的adapter进行与listview绑定
newsTitleListView.setOnItemClickListener(this);
return view;
}
/**
* 第四步:处理用于点击每个item事件的方法
* @param parent
* @param view
* @param position
* @param id
*/
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
Log.d(TAG,"onItemClick");
News news = newsList.get(position);
NewsContentActivity.actionStart(getActivity(),news.getTitle(),news.getContent());
}
private List<News> getNews() {
Log.d(TAG,"getNews()");
List<News> newsList = new ArrayList<News>();
News news1 = new News();
news1.setTitle("Succeed in Colleage");
news1.setContent("College freshman will soon learn");
newsList.add(news1);
News news2 = new News();
news2.setTitle("Google Android ");
news2.setContent("China!!!!!");
newsList.add(news2);
return newsList;
}
}
4.这个时候,首页的显示完成了。当用户点击了事件按钮的时候,将会实现onItemClick()这个方法
package com.example.zhengxie.demo_fragment_wangyinews;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Window;
/**
* Created by zheng.xie.
*/
public class NewsContentActivity extends Activity {
private static final String TAG = "NewsContentActivity";
public static void actionStart(Context context, String newsTitle, String newsContent) {
Log.d(TAG,"actionStart");
//从MainActivity跳转如当前Activity
//Intent传入数据的方法。这里putExtra。取出的时候就使用getIntent().getStringExtra。
//标志位:context, NewsContentActivity.class...
Intent intent = new Intent(context, NewsContentActivity.class);
intent.putExtra("news_title", newsTitle);
intent.putExtra("news_content", newsContent);
context.startActivity(intent);
}
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
Log.d(TAG,"onCreate");
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
setContentView(R.layout.news_content);
//这里使用getIntent是因为上面方法中,使用的是将context传入到当前类中
String newsTitle = getIntent().getStringExtra("news_title");
String newsContent = getIntent().getStringExtra("news_content");
//获取一个fragment的实例。使用getFragmentManager().findFragmentById()方法
NewsContentFragment newsContentFragment = (NewsContentFragment) getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.news_content_fragment);
newsContentFragment.refresh(newsTitle, newsContent);
}
}
5.这个时候加载完毕第二个Intent传入的Activity之后,继续使用fragment的方式,去匹配这个类。
package com.example.zhengxie.demo_fragment_wangyinews;
import android.app.Fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;
/**
* Created by zheng.xie.
*/
public class NewsContentFragment extends Fragment {
private static final String TAG = "NewsContentFragment";
private View view;
@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.news_content_frag, container, false);
Log.d(TAG,"onCreateView");
return view;
}
public void refresh(String newsTitle, String newsContent) {
Log.d(TAG,"refresh");
View visibilityLayout = view.findViewById(R.id.visibiliy_layout);
visibilityLayout.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
TextView newsTitleText = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.news_title);
TextView newsContentText = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.news_content);
newsTitleText.setText(newsTitle);
newsContentText.setText(newsContent);
}
}
本文详细阐述了如何利用Fragment技术实现分屏显示新闻应用。包括左右两个Fragment的布局设计、创建方法、在主Activity中的添加及操作,以及根据不同屏幕尺寸的优化。此外,还介绍了XML布局中`ellipsize`属性的作用,并通过实例展示了如何实现新闻列表的分屏显示。
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