Android Init Language介绍

最新推荐文章于 2025-04-04 15:43:12 发布

翻译最新推荐文章于 2025-04-04 15:43:12 发布 · 967 阅读

本文详细介绍了Android系统中init.rc文件的解析过程及其语法结构，包括Actions、Commands、Services和Options四大组成部分。深入探讨了触发器（Trigger）的定义及用途，以及各种命令和选项的具体用法。

Android init language用于init解析init.rc等初始化文件时使用

官方的解释文档详见system/core/init/readme.txt

关于Init language的解析的代码分析可参见http://blog.csdn.net/orz415678659/article/details/8769814

init lang基本上由四个Statements：Actions，Commands，Services和Options，下面分别介绍：

每一个语句占据一行，并且各个关键字被空格分开。c规范中的（如 \n）反斜杠将被忽略(backslash escapes)而被认为是一个空格，双引号用来保证空格不会把一个文字串分分为多个关键字。行最后的反斜杠用作续行。
由 # （前面允许有空格）开始的行都是注释行(comment)
一个actions 或 services 的开始隐含声明了一个新的段，所有commands 或 options 属于最近的声明。在第一个段之前的 commands 或 options 都会被忽略
每一个actions 和 services 都有不同的名字。后面与前面发生重名的，那么这个后面重名的将被忽略或被认为是一个错误

Actions和Services会建立一个section，command和options是Section的修饰

一、Action的格式是

on <trigger>
<command>
<command>
<command>

1）trigger

trgger的定义是Triggers are strings used to match certain kinds of events that cause an action to occur.

本意是某件事情发生时，比如boot，就执行相应的command，但实际上只是把相关阶段的命令集合放在一起执行，并控制

命令集合的执行顺序。实际使用中的trigger可以根据需要自由定义，只要相应的Init程序中添加相应trigger处理(action_for_each_trigger)

即可，常见的trigger有：early-init, init,early-fs,fs,post-fs,post-fs-data,early-boot,boot

Trigger	Description
`boot`	This is the first trigger that occurs when init starts (after `/init.conf` is loaded).
`<name>=<value>`	Triggers of this form occur when the property `<name>` is set to the specific value `<value>`.
`device-added-<path> device-removed-<path>`	Triggers of these forms occur when a device node is added or removed.
`service-exited-<name>`	Triggers of this form occur when the specified service exits.

2）Command

command就是在action或section中执行的命令，可以定义多个command

chmod <octal-mode> <path> Change file access permissions.

chown <owner> <group> <path>
Change file owner and group.

chown <owner> <group> <path>
Change file owner and group.

chroot <directory>
Change process root directory.

Command	Description
`exec <path> [ <argument> ]*`	Fork and execute a program (`<path>`). This will block until the program completes execution. Try to avoid exec. Unlike the `builtin` commands, it runs the risk of getting init "stuck".
`export <name> <value>`	Set the environment variable `<name>` equal to `<value>` in the global environment (which will be inherited by all processes started after this command is executed).
`ifup <interface>`	Bring the network interface `<interface>` online.
`import <filename>`	Parse an init config file, extending the current configuration.
`hostname <name>`	Set the host name.
`class_start <serviceclass>`	Start all services of the specified class if they are not already running.
`class_stop <serviceclass>`	Stop all services of the specified class if they are currently running.
`domainname <name>`	Set the domain name.
`insmod <path>`	Install the module at `<path>`.
`mkdir <path>`	Make a directory at `<path>`.
`mount <type> <device> <dir> [ <mountoption> ]*`	Attempt to mount the named device at the directory `<dir>` `<device>`. This may be of the form mtd@name to specify a mtd block device by name.
`setkey`	- currenlty undefined -
`setprop <name> <value>`	Set system property `<name>` to `<value>`.
`setrlimit <resource> <cur> <max>`	Set the rlimit for a resource.
`start <service>`	Start a service running if it is not already running.
`stop <service>`	Stop a service from running if it is currently running.
`symlink <target> <path>`	Create a symbolic link at `<path>` with the value `<target>`.
`write <path> <string> [ <string> ]*`	Open the file at `<path>` and write one or more strings to it with write(2).

二、Services的格式是

service <name> <pathname> [ <argument> ]*
<option>
<option>
...

1）option

onrestart Execute a Command (see below) when service restarts.

critical This is a device-critical service. If it exits more than four times in four minutes, the device will reboot into recovery mode.

console 指定console时使用，例如：

service console /system/bin/sh
class core
console
disabled
user shell
group log

Option	Description
`disabled`	This service will not automatically start with its class. It must be explicitly started by name.
`socket <type> <name> <perm> [ <user> [ <group> ] ]`	Create a unix domain socket named `/dev/socket/<name>` and pass its fd to the launched process. Valid `<type>dgram` and `stream`. `user` and `group` default to 0.(type 实际中是放在name之后) values include
`user <username>`	Change to username before exec'ing this service. Currently defaults to root.
`group <groupname> [ <groupname> ]*`	Change to groupname before exec'ing this service. Additional groupnames beyond the first, which is required, are used to set additional groups of the process (with `setgroups()`). Currently defaults to root.
`capability [ <capability> ]+`	Set linux capability before exec'ing this service
`oneshot`	Do not restart the service when it exits.
`class <name>`	Specify a class name for the service. All services in a named class must start and stop together. A service is considered of class "default" if one is not specified via the class option.